Check if a string contains the substring.

Parameters

Return Value

Returns 1 if the substring is found within string, otherwise 0.

Discussion

The search is not case sensitive, so "vo2max" will match a title that contains "VO2MAX" or "VO2max" too. The has function is most often used as part of the condition part of the if function.

Athlete Level Examples

if(has(title, "vo2max"), tss)

Gives TSS for all workouts that have vo2max in the title.

See Also

if(condition, truevalue)

if(condition, truevalue, falsevalue)

Check if a workout has the specified tag.

Parameters

Return Value

Returns 1 if the workout has the tag, otherwise 0.

Discussion

A workout can have zero or more tags. This function returns 1 if string is equal to one of the workout's tags. The search is not case sensitive, but string must match the entire tag. The hastag function is most often used as part of the condition part of the if function.

Athlete Level Examples

if(hastag("edge800"), distance)

Gives distance for all workouts that have the EDGE800 tag.

if(hastag("race"), if)

Gives the intensity factor for all workouts that have the RACE tag.

pdcurve(meanmax(if(hastag("kickr"),power)))

Gives a Power-Duration curve for only those workouts with the tag kickr.

See Also

if(condition, truevalue)

if(condition, truevalue, falsevalue)

Check a condition and give truevalue if the condition is true.

Parameters

Return Value

Returns truevalue if condition is true, otherwise returns --.

Discussion

This function allows you to include or exclude values from a set based on a condition, thus transforming or creating a subset of the data.

Workout Level Examples

if(cadence>0 and cadence<50, cadence)

Gives all cadence values that are greater than zero but less than 50.

avg(if(power>bikeftp, power))

Gives the average of all power values that exceed the Bike FTP for that workout.

Athlete Level Examples

if(max(power)>1000, date)

Gives the workout date & time for all workouts that have maximum power over 1000W.

See Also

if(condition, truevalue, falsevalue)

Check a condition and give truevalue if the condition is true, or falsevalue if the condition is false.

Parameters

Return Value

For each value in condition, returns truevalue if is true, otherwise returns falsevalue.

Discussion

This function allows you to choose values from two different data sets depending on a condition.

Athlete Level Examples

if(date < today, tss, plannedtss)

Gives completed TSS values for workouts prior to today, but planned TSS values for workouts today or in the future.

See Also

if(condition, truevalue)

For one or more numbers, returns one (true) if it is valid, or zero (false) if it is not a number (na).

Parameters

Return Value

Returns 1 if the number is a valid number, otherwise 0.

Discussion

In some cases a number is missing, which is different than zero. For example, if a bike workout doesn't have a power channel, then the average power is not zero, it is missing. Numbers that are missing are equal to the constant na which stands for not available or not a number.

Examples

isvalid(na)

Gives 0.

isvalid(0)

Gives 1.

isvalid({na, 0, 456, 1/0})

Gives {0, 1, 1, 0}.

sum(if(isvalid(power), deltatime))

Gives the number of seconds for which there are valid power numbers.

See Also

na

if(condition, truevalue)

Converts a weekvalue, monthvalue, or yearvalue to a date.

Parameters

Return Value

A datevalue.

Discussion

If you convert a datevalue using a weekvalue, monthvalue or yearvalue function, you can convert it back to a datevalue. This can be useful if you want to do arithmetic on a weekvalue, monthvalue or yearvalue and convert back to a date.

Examples

date(trunc(weekval(today))+1)

Gives the date of the first day of next week. You pick which day of week is first (Sunday, Monday, ...) using WKO Preferences.

date(trunc(monthval(today))+1)-1

Gives the date of the last day of the current month.

date(trunc(yearval(today)))

Gives the first date of the current year.

date(trunc(yearval(today))+1)-1

Gives the last date of the current year.

See Also

today

trunc(numbers)

weekval(datevalues)

monthval(datevalues)

yearval(datevalues)

Creates a date value using the month, day and year components.

Parameters

Return Value

A date value corresponding to the values year, month, day.

Discussion

When you enter a date value like 4/5/2016 into WKO, the date is interpreted according to the current region settings on your computer, so that could mean April 5th or May 4th. The date function eliminates that ambiguity and is interpreted the same way regardless of region settings. Dates in WKO are stored internally as days since January 1, 1901. WKO displays a date using the computer's regional settings when using the units "date" otherwise it shows a fractional number.

Examples

date(2016, 4, 7)

Gives the date April 7, 2016, but the formatting depends on the units selected. In North America WKO will show 4/7/2016 if the units are date. If the units are not date then it will show the number 42,100.

date(2015, month(today), day(today))

Gives the date in 2015 corresponding to today's month and day.

today - date(2015, 7, 1)

Gives the number of days since July 1, 2015.

date({2015:2017}, 12, 31)

Gives a set of three dates, December 31 in the years 2015, 2016 and 2017.

See Also

date(year, month, day, hour, minute)

date(value)

day(datevalues)

week(datevalues)

month(datevalues)

year(datevalues)

Creates a date value using the year, month, day, hour and minute components.

Parameters

Return Value

A date value corresponding to the values year, month, day, hour and minute

Discussion

This variant of the date function creates a value containing both the date and time.

Examples

date(2016, 4, 7)

Gives the date April 7, 2016, but the formatting depends on the units selected. In North America WKO will show 4/7/2016 if the units are date. If the units are not date then it will show the number 42,100.

date(2015, month(today), day(today))

Gives the date in 2015 corresponding to today's month and day.

today - date(2015, 7, 1)

Gives the number of days since July 1, 2015.

date({2015:2017}, 12, 31)

Gives a set of three dates, December 31 in the years 2015, 2016 and 2017.

See Also

date(year, month, day)

date(value)

day(datevalues)

week(datevalues)

month(datevalues)

year(datevalues)

Get the day of month for one or more dates.

Parameters

Return Value

Returns the day of month (a number between 1 and 31) for datevalues.

Examples

day(today)

Gives the day of month for today.

day({today-1,today,today+1})

Gives the day of month for yesterday, today, and tomorrow.

Athlete Level Examples

day(date)

Gives the day of month for the workout date of all the workouts int the selected range.

See Also

date

today

week(datevalues)

month(datevalues)

year(datevalues)

Gives the day of week as an offset to first day of the week according to the Preferences setting.

Parameters

Return Value

A number between 0 and 6.

Discussion

The first day of the week is set in the WKO Preferences. For each date, this function gives the number of days after the first day of the week.

Examples

dayofweek(date(2016, 4, 7))

If the first day of the week is configured as Monday, this gives the number 3 (Thursday).

dayofweek(today)

Gives the day of the week for today.

{"Mo","Tu","We", "Th", "Fr", "Sa", "Su"}[dayofweek(date)]

Assuming the week starts on Monday, this gives a two letter abbreviation for each workout date.

See Also

day(datevalues)

week(datevalues)

month(datevalues)

year(datevalues)

Formats date/time values using a custom format specification string. The string can contain a combination of these variables:

You can also include other text in the format string by enclosing it in single quotes. Two single quotes in a row will be translated as one single quote. There are a few characters that do not need to be enclosed in single quotes:

space : - . / ,

Parameters

Return Value

Returns a string with the formatted date/time.

Examples

formatdate(today, "EEEE, MMMM dd, yyyy")

Gives todays date formatted similar to "Saturday, August 13, 2016".

formatdate(date, "EEE MM/dd/yy hh:mm:ssa")

Gives the date/time of a workout formatted similar to "Fri 08/12/16 01:21:06PM".

formatdate(date, "yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss")

Gives the date/time of a workout formatted similar to "2016-08-12 13:21:06".

formatdate(date, "h:mm 'o''clock'")

Gives the date/time of a workout formatted similar to "1:21 o'clock".

See Also

date

today

Get the month number for one or more dates.

Parameters

Return Value

Returns the month number (a number between 1 and 12) for datevalues.

Examples

month(date(2016,8,21))

Gives the number 8.

month(today)

Gives the month number for today, a number between 1 and 12.

Athlete Level Examples

month(date)

Gives the month number for the workout date of all the workouts int the selected range.

See Also

date

today

day(datevalues)

week(datevalues)

year(datevalues)

Takes a date value and converts it to a month value.

Parameters

Return Value

Returns the month value for datevalues.

Discussion

The monthval function converts the date value to a fractional number of months since January 1, 1901. This is different than the month function which only gives a number between 1 and 12. WKO displays a month value using the computer's regional settings when using the units "month" otherwise it shows a fractional number.

Examples

monthval(date(2015, 11, 3))

Gives "November 2015" if the units are set to month, otherwise it gives the number 1,378.0666667.

trunc(monthval(date(2015, 11, 3)))

Gives "November 2015" if the units are set to month, otherwise it gives the number 1,378.

date(trunc(monthval(today)))

Gives the date of the first day of the current month.

date(trunc(monthval(today))+1)

Gives the date of the first day of the next month.

date(trunc(monthval(today))+1)-1

Gives the date of the last day of the current month.

See Also

trunc(numbers)

weekval(datevalues)

yearval(datevalues)

Get the date of first day of the month.

Parameters

Return Value

Returns a date value for the first day of the month for each datevalue.

Examples

startofmonth(today)

Gives the date of the first day of the current month.

See Also

startofweek(datevalues)

startofyear(datevalues)

Get the month number for one or more dates.

Parameters

Return Value

Returns the date of the first day of the week for each date in datevalues.

Discussion

This could be useful when creating a date range in the RHE.

Examples

startofweek(today)

Gives the date of the first day in the current week.

startofweek(today) + 6

Gives the date of the last day in the current week.

startofweek(today) + 7

Gives the date of the first day in the next week.

See Also

startofmonth(datevalues)

startofyear(datevalues)

Get the date of the start of the year that contains datevalues.

Parameters

Return Value

Returns January 1st of the year specified in datevalues.

Discussion

This could be useful when creating a date range in the RHE.

Examples

startofyear(today)

Gives the first day of the current year.

date(year(today), 12, 31)

Gives the last date of the current year.

startofyear(startofyear(today)-1)

date(year(today)-1, 1, 1)

Both give the first day of the previous year.

startofyear(today)-1

Gives the last day of the previous year.

See Also

startofweek(datevalues)

startofmonth(datevalues)

Get the week number for one or more dates.

Parameters

Return Value

Returns the week number (a number between 1 and 53) for datevalues.

Discussion

This function gives a number according to the ISO-8601 standard. It is a count of weeks starting on Monday, where the first week of the year is the week that contains that year's first Thursday (a minimum of four days in the first week).

Examples

week(today)

Gives the week number for today, a number between 1 and 53.

Athlete Level Examples

month(date)

Gives the month number for the workout date of all the workouts int the selected range.

See Also

day(datevalues)

week(datevalues)

year(datevalues)

Takes a date value and converts it to a week value.

Parameters

Return Value

Returns the week value for datevalues.

Discussion

The weekval function converts the date value to a fractional number of weeks since January 1, 1901. Whereas the week function gives a number between 1 and 53, the weekval function gives a month for a specific date to include the year, and then formats the number as "month yyyy" such as "March 2015".

Examples

weekval(date(2015, 11, 8))

Gives "11/8/15" if the units are set to week, otherwise if the units are blank it gives the number 5,993.857.

trunc(weekval(date(2015, 11, 8)))

Gives "11/2/15" (a Monday) if the units are set to week, otherwise if the units are blank it gives the number 5,993. The trunc function removes the fractional part of the week.

See Also

monthval(datevalues)

yearval(datevalues)

Get the year number for one or more dates.

Parameters

Return Value

Returns the year number, a four digit number like 2016.

Examples

year(date(2017,8,21))

Gives the number 2017.

year(today)

Gives the four digit year number for today.

Athlete Level Examples

year(date)

Gives the year number for the workout date of all the workouts int the selected range.

See Also

day(datevalues)

week(datevalues)

month(datevalues)

Takes a date value and converts it to a year value.

Parameters

Return Value

Returns the year value for datevalues.

Discussion

The yearval function converts the date value to a fractional number of years since January 1, 1901. Whereas the year function gives a number between 1980 and 2099, the yearval function gives a the fractional number of years since January 1, 1901.

Examples

yearval(date(2015, 11, 8))

Gives 2015 if the units are set to year, otherwise if the units are blank it gives the number 114.852.

trunc(yearval(date(2015, 11, 8)))

Gives 2015 if the units are set to year, otherwise if the units are blank it gives the number 114. The trunc function removes the fractional part of the year.

See Also

weekval(datevalues)

monthval(datevalues)

Evaluates a logical and, same as the and and && operators.

Parameters

Return Value

Returns 1 if both lhs and rhs are nonzero, otherwise returns 0.

Discussion

The and and && operators both use the logicaland function. So that means that both date>today and plannedtss>100 and date>today && plannedtss>100 are equivalent to logicaland(date>today, plannedtss>100). The logicaland function and equivalent operators are most often used with the if function to create a compound condition, for example "if this and that".

Athlete Level Examples

if(logicaland(date>today, plannedtss>100), plannedtss)

Gives the planned TSS for all workouts after today and have planned TSS greater than 100.

See Also

and

&&

if(condition, truevalue)

if(condition, truevalue, falsevalue)

logicalor(lhs, rhs)

Evaluates a logical or, same as the or and || operators.

Parameters

Return Value

Returns 1 if either lhs or rhs are nonzero, otherwise returns 0.

Discussion

The or and || operators both use the logicalor function. So that means that both hastag("race") or has(title, "race") and hastag("race") || has(title, "race") are equivalent to logicalor(hastag("race"), has(title, "race")). The logicalor function and equivalent operators are most often used with the if function to create a compound condition, for example "if this or that".

Athlete Level Examples

if(logicalor(hastag("race"), has(title, "race")), if)

Gives the intensity factor for all workouts that either have a tag named race or have race somewhere in the workout title.

See Also

if(condition, truevalue)

if(condition, truevalue, falsevalue)

logicaland(lhs, rhs)

Calculates the absolute value of each number value in numbers.

Parameters

Return Value

The absolute value of each value in numbers.

Examples

abs(3)

3

abs(-3)

3

abs({1,-1,0,3,-3})

{1, 1, 0, 3, 3}

abs(elevation)

The absolute value of every value in elevation.

See Also

sign(numbers)

Adds lhs to rhs.

Parameters

Return Value

The sum of rhs and lhs.

Examples

add(1,2)

3

add(1,-3)

• 2

add({1,2,3}, {4,5,6})

{5, 7, 9}

See Also

+

Divides lhs by rhs.

Parameters

Return Value

The result of lhs divided by rhs.

Examples

divide(1,2)

0.5

divide(1,-4)

• 0.25

divide({2,10,50}, {2,2,5})

{1, 5, 10}

See Also

/

Gives the natural log of numbers.

Parameters

Return Value

The natural log of numbers.

Examples

ln(e^5)

5

See Also

e

log10(numbers)

log(numbers, base)

Gives the base base logarithm of numbers.

Parameters

Return Value

The log of numbers.

Examples

log(64,2)

Gives the number 6, because 2^6 = 64.

See Also

ln(numbers)

log10(numbers)

Gives the base 10 logarithm of numbers.

Parameters

Return Value

The log of numbers.

Examples

log10(1000)

Gives the number 3, because 10^3 = 1000.

See Also

ln(numbers)

log(numbers, base)

Multiply lhs by rhs.

Parameters

Return Value

The product of lhs multiplied by rhs.

Examples

multiply(1,2)

2

multiply({2,10,50}, {2,2,5})

{4, 20, 250}

See Also

*

Raise lhs to the power rhs.

Parameters

Return Value

The value of lhs raised to the rhs power.

Examples

power(2,4)

16

power(64,1/3)

4 64^(1/2)

power({2,10,50}, {5,3,2})

{32, 1000, 2500}

See Also

^

Gives the sign of numbers.

Parameters

Return Value

Returns 1 for positive numbers, -1 for negative numbers and 0 for zero.

Examples

sign(3)

1

sign(-9)

(-1)

sign(0)

0

sign({-7,5,11})*abs({-7,5,11})

{-7,5,11}

Gives the square root of numbers.

Parameters

Return Value

The square root of numbers.

Examples

sqrt(16)

4

sqrt({9,64,16})

{3, 8, 4}

Subtracts rhs from lhs.

Parameters

Return Value

The difference of lhs minus rhs.

Examples

subtract(1,2)

Gives -1.

subtract(1,-3)

Gives 4.

subtract({7,2,19}, {4,5,6})

Gives {3, -3, 13}.

See Also

-

Get the estimated % type I muscle fiber area (slow-twitch) based on a mean maximal curve.

Parameters

Return Value

The estimated % type I muscle fiber area.

Discussion

This function gives the percent of type I fast twitch musle fiber for the time period included in meanmaxcurve. It gives a single number for a meanmax curve, where the quality of the estimate is increased by including a representative sample of workouts in that meanmaxcurve. Read the Power-Duration Metrics e-book.

Examples

fibertype(meanmax(power))

Gives the percent of type I slow-twitch muscle fiber for the meanmax curve.

See Also

fibertype(meanmaxcurve, lookback)

meanmax(pairs)

Get daily estimated % type I muscle fiber area (slow-twitch) based on a rolling window of lookback days.

Parameters

Return Value

Daily estimated % percentages of type I slow-twitch muscle fiber, based on a rolling window of lookback days.

Discussion

This function builds a meanmax curve for every date in the selected RHE date range, where each meanmax curve is comprised of the previous lookback days. Then from each daily meanmax curve it calculates the percentage of type II fibers. Typical numbers to use for lookback are between 30 and 90; larger numbers are chosen to capture bests at the largest variety of durations, but smaller numbers are used to be more sensitive to detraining. Read the Power-Duration Metrics e-book.

Examples

fibertype(meanmax(power),90)

Gives daily estimated % of type I slow-twitch fibers.

See Also

fibertype(meanmaxcurve)

meanmax(pairs)

Get the Functional Reserve Capacity.

Parameters

Return Value

The Functional Reserve Capacity value in kJ or kJ/kg for meanmaxcurve.

Discussion

This function gives the Functional Reserve Capacity for the time period included in the meanmaxcurve. It gives a single number for a meanmax curve, where the quality of the estimate is increased by including a representative sample of workouts in that meanmaxcurve. Read the Power-Duration Metrics e-book.

Examples

frc(meanmax(power))

Gives the Functional Reserve Capacity in kJ.

frc(meanmax(power/weight))

Gives the Functional Reserve Capacity normalized to weight in kJ/kg.

See Also

frc(meanmaxcurve, lookback)

frce(meanmaxcurve)

meanmax(pairs)

Get daily the Functional Reserve Capacity based on a rolling window of lookback days.

Parameters

Return Value

Gives daily Functional Reserve Capacity values, one for each date in the selected RHE date range.

Discussion

This function builds a meanmax curve for every date in the selected RHE date range, where each meanmax curve is comprised of the previous lookback days. Then from each daily meanmax curve it calculates the FRC. Typical numbers to use for lookback are between 30 and 90; larger numbers are chosen to capture bests at the largest variety of durations, but smaller numbers are used to be more sensitive to detraining. Read the Power-Duration Metrics e-book.

Examples

frc(meanmax(power/weight),90)

Gives daily FRC normalized for body weight in mL/min/kg.

See Also

frc(meanmaxcurve)

frce(meanmaxcurve)

meanmax(pairs)

Generate a power-duration curve based on meanmaxcurve showing only the FRC component.

Parameters

Return Value

A power-duration curve showing modeled power derived from FRC, at a variety of durations.

Discussion

Read the Power-Duration Metrics e-book.

Examples

pdcurve(meanmax(power))

Gives a power-duration curve.

See Also

meanmax(pairs)

pdcurve(meanmaxcurve)

ftpcurve(meanmaxcurve)

Get the estimated error calculating Functional Reserve Capacity.

Parameters

Return Value

Estimated error as +/- kJ orkJ/kg.

Discussion

This function calculates the estimated error when modeling FRC, in +/- kJ or kJ/kg. Read the Power-Duration Metrics e-book.

Examples

frce(meanmax(power))

Gives the estimated error as +/- kJ.

See Also

frc(meanmaxcurve)

frc(meanmaxcurve, lookback)

meanmax(pairs)

Get the modeled Functional Threshold Power.

Parameters

Return Value

The Functional Threshold Power value in W or W/kgfor meanmaxcurve.

Discussion

This function gives the Functional Threshold Power for the time period included in the meanmaxcurve. It gives a single number for a meanmax curve, where the quality of the estimate is increased by including a representative sample of workouts in that meanmaxcurve. Read the Power-Duration Metrics e-book.

Examples

ftp(meanmax(power))

Gives modeled FTP in W.

ftp(meanmax(power/weight))

Gives modeled FTP normalized for body weight in W/kg.

See Also

ftp(meanmaxcurve, lookback)

ftpe(meanmaxcurve)

meanmax(pairs)

Get daily modeled FTP.

Parameters

Return Value

Gives daily Functional Threhold Power values, one for each date in the selected RHE date range.

Discussion

This function builds a meanmax curve for every date in the selected RHE date range, where each meanmax curve is comprised of the previous lookback days. Then from each daily meanmax curve it calculates the FTP. Typical numbers to use for lookback are between 30 and 90; larger numbers are chosen to capture bests at the largest variety of durations, but smaller numbers are used to be more sensitive to detraining. Read the Power-Duration Metrics e-book.

Examples

ftp(meanmax(power),90)

Gives daily modeled FTP.

See Also

ftp(meanmaxcurve)

ftpe(meanmaxcurve)

meanmax(pairs)

Generate a power-duration curve based on meanmaxcurve showing only the FTP component.

Parameters

Return Value

A power-duration curve showing modeled power derived from FTP, at a variety of durations.

Discussion

Read the Power-Duration Metrics e-book.

Examples

pdcurve(meanmax(power))

Gives a power-duration curve.

See Also

meanmax(pairs)

pdcurve(meanmaxcurve)

frccurve(meanmaxcurve)

Get the estimated error calculating Functional Threshold Power.

Parameters

Return Value

One daily modeled FTP number for each date in the selected RHE date range.

Discussion

This function builds a meanmax curve for every date in the selected RHE date range, where each meanmax curve is comprised of the previous lookback days. Then from each daily meanmax curve it calculates the vo2max. Typical numbers to use for lookback are between 30 and 90; larger numbers are chosen to capture bests at the largest variety of durations, but smaller numbers are used to be more sensitive to detraining. Read the Power-Duration Metrics e-book.

Examples

vo2max(meanmax(power),90)*1000/metric(weight)"mL/min/kg"

Gives daily FTP normalized for body weight in mL/min/kg.

See Also

ftp(meanmaxcurve, lookback)

ftp(meanmaxcurve)

meanmax(pairs)

Generate a power-duration curve based on meanmaxcurve.

Parameters

Return Value

A power-duration curve showing modeled power at a variety of durations.

Discussion

Read the Power-Duration Metrics e-book.

Examples

pdcurve(meanmax(power))

Gives a power-duration curve.

See Also

meanmax(pairs)

pdprofile(meanmaxcurve)

Generate a power-duration curve in power/weight based based on standards for the specified gender.

Parameters

"verygood", "excellent", "exceptional", "worldclass".

Return Value

A power-duration curve showing modeled power for different standards.

Discussion

Read the Power-Duration Metrics e-book.

Examples

pdcurve("excellent", "female")

Gives a power-duration curve standard line for "excellent" females.

See Also

pdcurve(meanmaxcurve)

meanmax(pairs)

gender

Generate a power-duration profile curve.

Parameters

"verygood", "excellent", "exceptional", "worldclass".

Return Value

A power-duration curve showing modeled power for different standards.

Examples

pdprofile(meanmax(power/weight))

Gives a power-duration curve for "excellent" females.

See Also

pdcurve(meanmaxcurve)

Get rider phenotype based on meanmaxcurve.

Parameters

Return Value

The phenotype of the athlete: "Sprinter", "Pursuiter", "TTer", or "All-rounder".

Discussion

This function builds a meanmax curve for every date in the selected RHE date range, where each meanmax curve is comprised of the previous lookback days. Then from each daily meanmax curve it calculates the vo2max. Typical numbers to use for lookback are between 30 and 90; larger numbers are chosen to capture bests at the largest variety of durations, but smaller numbers are used to be more sensitive to detraining. Read the Power-Duration Metrics e-book.

Examples

vo2max(meanmax(power),90)*1000/metric(weight)"mL/min/kg"

Gives daily VO2max normalized for body weight in mL/min/kg.

See Also

vo2max(meanmaxcurve)

meanmax(pairs)

Get Pmax in W or W/kg.

Parameters

Return Value

The athlete's Pmax for the selected RHE date range.

Discussion

Gives the modeled maximum power. Read the Power-Duration Metrics e-book.

Examples

pmax(meanmax(power))

Gives the Pmax for the selected date range.

See Also

pmax(meanmaxcurve, lookback)

meanmax(pairs)

Get daily Pmax in W or W/kg.

Parameters

Return Value

One daily Pmax number for each date in the selected RHE date range.

Discussion

This function builds a meanmax curve for every date in the selected RHE date range, where each meanmax curve is comprised of the previous lookback days. Then from each daily meanmax curve it calculates the Pmax. Typical numbers to use for lookback are between 30 and 90; larger numbers are chosen to capture bests at the largest variety of durations, but smaller numbers are used to be more sensitive to detraining. Read the Power-Duration Metrics e-book.

Examples

pmax(meanmax(power))

Gives daily Pmax.

See Also

pmax(meanmaxcurve)

meanmax(pairs)

Get the estimated error calculating Pmax.

Parameters

Return Value

The estimated error for Pmax in the selected RHE date range.

Discussion

This function calculates the esimated error in Pmax for the date range in +/- W. Read the Power-Duration Metrics e-book.

Examples

pmaxe(meanmax(power))

Gives the estimated error calculating Pmax in +/- W.

See Also

pmax(meanmaxcurve)

meanmax(pairs)

Gives the sum of squares error fitting meanmaxcurve to the power-duration model.

Parameters

Return Value

The sum of squares error, where a lower number indicates a better fit.

Examples

pmax(meanmax(power))

Gives the sum of squares error for the selected date range.

See Also

pdcurve(meanmaxcurve)

Get Time to Exhaustion in seconds.

Parameters

Return Value

The athlete's Time to Exhaustion for the selected RHE date range.

Discussion

Gives the modeled Time to Exhaustion. Read the Power-Duration Metrics e-book.

Examples

pmax(meanmax(power))

Gives the TTE for the selected date range.

See Also

tte(meanmaxcurve, lookback)

meanmax(pairs)

Get daily Time to Exhaustion in seconds.

Parameters

Return Value

One daily TTE number for each date in the selected RHE date range.

Discussion

This function builds a meanmax curve for every date in the selected RHE date range, where each meanmax curve is comprised of the previous lookback days. Then from each daily meanmax curve it calculates the Pmax. Typical numbers to use for lookback are between 30 and 90; larger numbers are chosen to capture bests at the largest variety of durations, but smaller numbers are used to be more sensitive to detraining. Read the Power-Duration Metrics e-book.

Examples

pmax(meanmax(power))

Gives daily Pmax.

See Also

tte(meanmaxcurve)

meanmax(pairs)

Get VO2max in L/min.

Parameters

Return Value

The athlete's VO2max for the selected RHE date range.

Discussion

Gives the estimated VO2max for the selected date range.Read the Power-Duration Metrics e-book.

Examples

vo2max(meanmax(power))*1000/metric(weight)"mL/min/kg"

Gives VO2max normalized for body weight in mL/min/kg.

See Also

vo2max(meanmaxcurve)

meanmax(pairs)

Get daily VO2max in L/min.

Parameters

Return Value

One daily VO2max number for each date in the selected RHE date range.

Discussion

This function builds a meanmax curve for every date in the selected RHE date range, where each meanmax curve is comprised of the previous lookback days. Then from each daily meanmax curve it calculates the vo2max. Typical numbers to use for lookback are between 30 and 90; larger numbers are chosen to capture bests at the largest variety of durations, but smaller numbers are used to be more sensitive to detraining. Read the Power-Duration Metrics e-book.

Examples

vo2max(meanmax(power),90)*1000/metric(weight)"mL/min/kg"

Gives daily VO2max normalized for body weight in mL/min/kg.

See Also

vo2max(meanmaxcurve)

meanmax(pairs)

Calculate the ceiling of each value in numbers.

Parameters

Return Value

The smallest integer greater than or equal to each value in numbers.

Examples

ceil(3)

3

ceil(3.1)

4

ceil({-3.3,0,-7.8, 5.9})

{-3,0,-7,6}

See Also

floor(numbers)

trunc(numbers)

Calculate the floor of each value in numbers.

Parameters

Return Value

The largest integer less than or equal to each value in numbers.

Examples

floor(3)

3

floor(3.1)

3

floor({-3.3,0,-7.8, 5.9})

{-4,0,-8,5}

See Also

ceil(numbers)

trunc(numbers)

Get the fractional part of each value in numbers.

Parameters

Return Value

The fractional part of a number with the integer portion removed.

Examples

frac(3)

0

frac(3.1)

0.1

frac({-3.3,0,-7.8, 5.9})

{-0.3, 0, -0.8, 0.9}

See Also

round(numbers)

Round each value in numbers to the nearest integer.

Parameters

Return Value

The numbers rounded to the nearest integer.

Examples

round(3.1)

3

round(3.5)

4

round({-3.3,0,-7.8, 5.9})

{-3, 0, -8, 6}

See Also

round(numbers, places)

Round each value in numbers to the specified number of places.

Parameters

Return Value

The numbers rounded to the specified number of places.

Examples

round(pi,-1)

3.1

round(pi,-3)

3.142

round(1234.567,2)

1200

See Also

round(numbers)

Truncate each value in numbers.

Parameters

Return Value

The integral part of a number with any fractional digits removed

Examples

trunc(3)

3

trunc(3.1)

3

trunc({-3.3,0,-7.8, 5.9})

{-3,0,-7,5}

See Also

ceil(numbers)

floor(numbers)

Evaluates expression using the date range given by fromdate through todate overriding the date selection in the RHE.

Parameters

Return Value

The result of expression.

Discussion

At the athlete level, the athleterange function allows you to override the date range in the RHE. At the workout level you can use athleterange to evaluate athlete level expressions. When you use athleterange at the athlete level, it will filter workouts based on the sport type buttons at the top of the Right Hand Explorer. When you use athleterange at the workout level, there are no sport type buttons at the top of the Right Hand Explorer so it will use all sport types.

Examples

athleterange(date(2017,2,23), date(2017,3,17), avg(tss))

The average TSS for the explicit date range, regardless of what's selected in the RHE.

athleterange(today - 30, today, sum(distance))

The total distance in the last 30 days.

athleterange(date-89, date, ftp(meanmax(power)))

At the workout level, gives the mFTP as of the current workout. At the athlete level, gives mFTP numbers as of each workouts in the current range.

See Also

workoutrange(fromtime, totime, expression)

Returns values such that values less than min are changed to min, and values greater than max are changed to max.

Parameters

Return Value

Everything in values changed so that any numbers < min are changed to min, and any numbers > max are changed to max.

Examples

clamp({5,7,3,2,4,9,8}, 4, 8)

{5,7,4,4,4,8,8}

Returns the first count values in values.

Parameters

Return Value

The count first values in values.

Discussion

The first function returns (X,Y) pairs if values contains (X,Y) pairs. When you graph an (X,Y) pair on a chart you get a single point, therefore you get a point for each of the first values found. If you include an (X,Y) pair in a report you'll see the value for X in the leftmost column.

Examples

first({5,7,3,2,4,9,8}, 3)

{5, 7, 3}

first({"Yankee","Bravo","Zulu","Alpha","Foxtrot"},3)

{"Yankee", "Bravo", "Zulu"}

See Also

last(values, count)

Returns the greatest count values in values.

Parameters

Return Value

The count greatest values in values.

Discussion

The greatest function returns (X,Y) pairs if values contains (X,Y) pairs. When you graph an (X,Y) pair on a chart you get a single point, therefore you get a point for each of the greatest values found. If you include an (X,Y) pair in a report you'll see the value for X in the leftmost column.

Examples

greatest({5,7,3,2,4,9,8}, 3)

{7, 9, 8}

sortd(greatest(tss,5))

Gives the 5 greatest TSS numbers sorted from greatest to least, along with the date of each TSS value.

metric(60/greatest(meanmax((metric(elapseddistance),runspeed), 5.0), 3))

Gives the 3 fastest 5K run pace in min/km, along with the date of each.

See Also

least(values, count)

max(values)

Returns the last count values in values.

Parameters

Return Value

The count last values in values.

Discussion

The last function returns (X,Y) pairs if values contains (X,Y) pairs. When you graph an (X,Y) pair on a chart you get a single point, therefore you get a point for each of the last values found. If you include an (X,Y) pair in a report you'll see the value for X in the leftmost column.

Examples

first({5,7,3,2,4,9,8}, 3)

{4, 9, 8}

See Also

first(values, count)

Returns the least count values in values.

Parameters

Return Value

The count least values in values.

Discussion

The least function returns (X,Y) pairs if values contains (X,Y) pairs. When you graph an (X,Y) pair on a chart you get a single point, therefore you get a point for each of the least values found. If you include an (X,Y) pair in a report you'll see the value for X in the leftmost column.

Examples

least({5,7,3,2,4,9,8}, 3)

{3, 2, 4}

See Also

greatest(values, count)

min(values)

Returns the greatest values in values.

Parameters

Return Value

The greatest values in values.

Discussion

The max function returns ( ,Y) with no X value. When you graph ( ,Y) on a chart you'll get a horizontal line.

Examples

max({5,7,3,2,4,9,8})

9

max(tss)

Gives the maximum TSS number as a horizontal line.

max(power)

Gives the maximum power number as a horizontal line.

See Also

min(values)

greatest(values, count)

Returns the maximum values in values grouped by groupby.

Parameters

Return Value

The greatest values in values for each unique value in groupby.

Discussion

The max function will first organize values into groups where each value in groupby represents a group. Then it finds the maximum value in each group.

Examples

max(distance, dayofweek(date))

The maximum distance for each day of the week.

See Also

max(values)

Returns the least value in values.

Parameters

Return Value

The least value in values.

Discussion

The min function returns ( ,Y) with no X value. When you graph ( ,Y) on a chart you'll get a horizontal line.

Examples

min({5,7,3,2,4,9,8})

2

min(heartrate)

Gives the minimum heart rate number as a horizontal line.

See Also

max(values)

least(values, count)

Returns the minimum values in values grouped by groupby.

Parameters

Return Value

The minimum values in values for each unique value in groupby.

Discussion

The min function will first organize values into groups where each value in groupby represents a group. Then it finds the minimum value in each group.

Examples

min(distance, dayofweek(date))

The minimum distance for each day of the week.

See Also

min(values)

Evaluates expression using the time range given by fromtime through totime overriding the time selection in the RHE.

Parameters

Return Value

The result of expression.

Discussion

The workoutrange function allows you to override the date range in the RHE.

Examples

workoutrange(begintime+duration/2,endtime,avg(power))

Average power for second half of the range selected in the RHE.

See Also

athleterange(fromdate, todate, expression)

Smooths the numbers using Exponential Weighted Moving Average using the given smoothing factor.

Parameters

Return Value

Smoothed numbers.

Examples

ewma(power,30)

Gives smoothed power data.

See Also

tl(numbers, constant)

filter(numbers, kernel, sides)

Calculates training load given TSS numbers and a decay constant.

Parameters

Return Value

Training load data.

Examples

tl(tss,ctlconstant)

Gives CTL.

tl(tss,atlconstant)

Gives ATL.

See Also

ewma(numbers, factor)

No longer used. You can use cartesian coordinate notation (X, Y) instead.

Gives the difference between each each number minus the previous number.

Parameters

Return Value

A list of numbers.

Examples

delta({3,5,7,11,13})

Gives the list {na,2,2,4,2}.

sum(delta(frontgear>0))

Gives the count of front gear changes.

See Also

meanmax(pairs, duration)

Removes all occurrences of na in numbers.

Parameters

Return Value

Returns numbers with na removed.

Examples

noinvalid({13,0,7,na,0,21})

Returns {13,0,7,0,21}

See Also

nozero(numbers)

Changes all occurrences of 0 in numbers to na.

Parameters

Return Value

Returns numbers with zeros changed to na.

Examples

nozero({13,0,7,na,0,21})

Returns {13,na,7,na,na,21}

avg(nozero(cadence)))

Gives average cadence not including zeros.

See Also

noinvalid(numbers)

Resamples time series data.

Reverses the order of values.

Parameters

Return Value

Returns values in reverse order.

Examples

rev({3,5,7,9})

Reverses {3,5,7,9} to be come {9,7,5,3}.

See Also

sort(values)

sortd(values)

Sorts a list of values in ascending order.

Parameters

Return Value

Returns sorted values.

Examples

sort({5,3,8,0,na,7,6,2,4,1})

Gives {0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,--}.

sort((power,cadence))

Sorts the scatter graph of (power,cadence) in ascending order by cadence.

See Also

sortd(values)

sortx(pairs)

rev(values)

Sorts a list of values in descending order.

Parameters

Return Value

Returns sorted values.

Examples

sortd(greatest(tss,5))

Gives the 5 greatest TSS numbers sorted from greatest to least.

See Also

sortd(values)

rev(values)

Sorts a list of pairs in ascending order of X.

Parameters

Return Value

Returns sorted pairs.

Examples

sortx((power,cadence))

Sorts the scatter graph of (power,cadence) in ascending order by power.

See Also

sort(values)

sortxd(pairs)

Sorts a list of pairs in descending order of X.

Parameters

Return Value

Returns sorted values.

Examples

sortxd(greatest(tss,5))

Gives the 5 greatest TSS numbers sorted from greatest to least.

See Also

sort(values)

sortx(pairs)

Converts number values to string values.

Parameters

Return Value

A list of strings.

Discussion

If you use the + operator to add numbers you get the result of adding the two, such as adding 2 + 3 you get 5. If you want to concatenate two or more values, then you need to convert them to strings first. For example, if you want to take 39 + 23 and get 3923 you first need to convert 39 and 23 to strings.

Examples

sort(unique(string(frontgear)+"x"+string(reargear)))

Lists all the gear combinations (in the format 39x23) used in the currently selected workout or workout range, assuming the workout has frontgear and reargear shifting channels in it.

See Also

frontgear

reargear

Gives only the unique values from a list.

Parameters

Return Value

A list of values with duplicates removed.

Examples

sort(unique(tags))

Lists all the tags used in the currently selected workout or workout range.

See Also

sort(values)

Takes a set of (X,Y) values and copies X to Y to become (X,X).

Parameters

Return Value

Returns (X,Y) pairs as (X,X).

Examples

xx((37,52))

Takes the point (37,52) and changes it to (37,37).

meanmax((power)*xx((meanmax((power))/1000

Gives work expended at each point on a mean maximal power curve, where kJ = watts * seconds / 1000.

See Also

yx(pairs)

Takes a set of X,Y vales and exchanges X and Y to be come Y,X.

Parameters

Return Value

Returns (X,Y) pairs as (Y,X).

Examples

yx((37,52))

Takes the point (37,52) and changes it to (52,37).

yx(meanmax(power))

Gives mean maximal power with power on the X axis and duration on the Y axis.

See Also

xx(pairs)

Calculates the average of the numbers in numbers by taking their sum and dividing by their count.

Parameters

Return Value

The average of the values in numbers.

Examples

avg({3, 6, 9, 12})

10

avg(power)

The average of each value in power. In other words, average power.

See Also

avg(numbers, groupby)

Returns the average of values grouped by groupby.

Parameters

Return Value

The average of numbers for each unique value in groupby.

Discussion

The avg function will first organize numbers into groups where each value in groupby represents a group. Then it finds the average value of each group.

Examples

avg(distance, dayofweek(date))

The average distance for each day of the week.

See Also

avg(numbers)

Creates a histogram by placing values into specified bins and accumulating duration for each value.

Parameters

Return Value

A set of values representing the duration in each bin.

Discussion

Each bin is uniform in size as specified.

Examples

bin(cadence, 10)

Places cadence in bins of 10 rpm each.

See Also

bin(values, binvalues)

bin(values, levelsname)

Creates a histogram by placing values into specified bins and accumulating duration for each value.

Parameters

Return Value

A set of values representing the duration in each bin.

Discussion

Each bin contains the durations for values up to but not equal the value specified. There will be one bin for each value in binvalues plus one bin. For example, if binvalues is {100, 200, 300} then values will be placed into 4 bins as follows: less than 100, 100 to less than 200, 200 to less than 300, and 300 up.

Examples

bin(cadence, {85,95})

Creates 3 cadence bins: below 85, 85 up to 95, and 95 and above.

bin(power, {162, 184, 206, 228})

Bins power using a set of wattage numbers.

bin(power, {0.81, 0.92, 1.03, 1.14} * runftp)

Bins power using a set of percentages of Run FTP.

sum(bin(heartrate, {0.82/3, 0.82*2/3, 0.82, (0.82+0.89)/2, 0.89, 0.94, 1.00, 1.03, 1.06} * bikethr) / 3600 * {20, 30, 40, 50, 60, 70, 80, 100, 120, 140})"hrTSS"

Calculates hrTSS using Friel bike heart rate levels.

See Also

bin(values, binsize)

bin(values, levelsname)

Creates a histogram by placing values into specified bins and accumulating duration for each value.

Parameters

Return Value

A set of values representing the duration in each bin.

Discussion

The bins are determined by training levels. When deciding into which level a value should be placed, WKO5 checks to see if the value is >= the "from", and < the "to". Thus, if one level is 110.0 to 131.0 and the next level is 131.0 to 144.0, then the value 131.0 will be placed into the second level, not the first.

Power levels:

• "ilevels"
• "classicpower"

Heart Rate Levels:

• "classichr"
• "frielhr"
• "usachr"
• "bcfhr"

Running Pace Levels:

• "frielpace"
• "pzipace"

Examples

bin(power, "ilevels")

Places power in iLevel bins.

See Also

bin(values, binvalues)

bin(values, binsize)

levelfrom(levelsname, index)

levelto(levelsname, index)

levelname(levelsname, index)

Counts the valid non-zero values in numbers.

Parameters

Return Value

The count of the values in numbers.

Examples

count({3, 6, 0, 9, na, 12})

4

count(heartrate)

The count of non-zero heart rate values.

Counts the values in numbers, grouped by period.

Parameters

Return Value

Count of values grouped by groupby.

Examples

count(tss, "month")

The monthly count of tss values.

Gives the cumulative totals of the addition of all the values in the set of numbers.

Parameters

Return Value

The sum of numbers.

Examples

cumsum({1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10})

Gives the set {1,3,6,10,15,21,28,36,45,55}.

cumsum(deltadistance)

Gives cumulative distance, same as the variable elapseddistance.

cumsum(power * deltatime) / 1000

Gives cumulative work in kJ.

cumsum(if(_elevation-shift(_elevation,1)>0,_elevation-shift(_elevation,1)))

Gives cumulative climbing.

See Also

sum(numbers)

Gives the count of all values in numbers including zeroes and invalid.

Parameters

Return Value

The count of the values in numbers.

Examples

length({3, 6, 0, 9, na, 12})

6

heartrate[length(heartrate)-1]

The last heart rate number, equivalent to heartrate[-1].

Finds Y values for a given X value using linear interpolation if necessary.

Parameters

Return Value

A set of Y values corresponding to the X values given in numbers.

Discussion

Linear interpolation can be helpful to find the exact or approximate Y value using the points nearest the specified X values.

Examples

li(elapseddistance, 0:10:00)

At the workout level, gives the distance at 10 minutes.

li(yx(metric(elapseddistance)),40.0)

At the workout level, gives the elapsed duration at 40km.

li(pdcurve(meanmax(power)),0:20:00)*0.92

Gives 92% of the modeled 20 minute power.

li(pdcurve(meanmax(power)),{60,360,1200})

Gives modeled power at 1min, 5min, and 20min.

li(yx(pdcurve(meanmax(power))),last(sftp,1)*1.2)

Gives modeled duration at 120% of sftp.

See Also

lookup(pairs, numbers)

Finds Y values for a given X value by searching for the X value equal or lesser than numbers.

Parameters

Return Value

A set of Y values corresponding to the X values given in numbers.

Discussion

The lookup function

Examples

lookup(weight,enddate)

Gives the weight that corresponds to the most recent value as of the end date of the currently selected range.

lookup(bikeftp,begindate)

Gives the FTP for cycling that corresponds to the most recent value as of the begin date of the currently selected range.

See Also

li(pairs, numbers)

Searches pairs for durations with maximum average, and creates a mean maximal curve.

Parameters

Return Value

A mean maximal curve, which is a set of pairs with duration as x and average as y.

Discussion

A mean maximal search finds continuous durations with the highest average.

Examples

meanmax(power)

Mean maximal power curve

meanmax(power/weight)

Mean maximal power to weight curve.

meanmax(tss)

Mean maximal tss curve.

meanmax(if(cumsum(bikepower*deltatime)/1000>1500,bikepower))

Mean maximal power curve including power only after accumulating 1500kJ.

See Also

meanmax(pairs, duration)

Calculates the absolute value of each number value in numbers.

Parameters

Return Value

The mean maximal for each duration specified.

Examples

meanmax(power, 0:20:00)

Gives the best average power for a continuous 20 minute (1200 seconds) duration.

60 / meanmax(speed, 600)

Gives the best 10 minute (600 seconds) pace.

meanmax(if(_elevation-shift(_elevation,1)>0,metric(_elevation-shift(_elevation,1))/deltatime*3600,0),300)

Searches for the 5 minute period with the highest average VAM.

metric(60/greatest(meanmax((metric(elapseddistance),runspeed), 5.0), 3))

Gives the 3 fastest 5K run pace in min/km.

See Also

meanmax(pairs)

meanmaxto(pairs, duration)

meanmaxfrom(pairs, duration)

Searches for the begin time offset for the mean maximal value.

Parameters

Return Value

The beginning elapsed time for the mean maximal for each duration specified.

Examples

meanmaxfrom(power, 0:20:00)

Gives the start time of the 20 minute duration with the highest average power.

See Also

meanmax(pairs, duration)

meanmaxto(pairs, duration)

Searches for the end time offset for the mean maximal value.

Parameters

Return Value

The ending elapsed time for the mean maximal for each duration specified.

Examples

meanmaxto(power, 0:20:00)

Gives the end time of the 20 minute duration with the highest average power.

See Also

meanmax(pairs, duration)

meanmaxfrom(pairs, duration)

Calculates the population standard deviation of numbers.

Parameters

Return Value

The population standard deviation.

Examples

pstddev({1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10})

Gives the number 2.8722813.

pstddev(power)

Gives the population standard deviation of power data.

See Also

stddev(numbers)

Gives the population variance of numbers.

Parameters

Return Value

The population variance of numbers.

Examples

pvariance(power)

At the workout level, gives the population variance of the power channel.

See Also

variance(numbers)

Gets the recording rate of time series data.

Calculates the simple linear regression for the values in numbers.

Parameters

Return Value

The absolute value of each value in numbers.

Examples

slr(tss)

The trend line for TSS.

See Also

slrb(numbers)

slrm(numbers)

slrrsq(numbers)

Calculates the Y-intercept of the simple linear regression for the values in numbers.

Parameters

Return Value

The Y-intercept of the simple linear regression

Examples

slrb(tss)

The Y-intercept of the trend line for TSS.

See Also

slr(numbers)

slrm(numbers)

slrrsq(numbers)

Calculates the slope of the simple linear regression for the values in numbers.

Parameters

Return Value

The slope of the simple linear regression.

Examples

slrm(power)

The slope of the power trend.

See Also

slr(numbers)

slrb(numbers)

slrrsq(numbers)

Calculates the R² value for the simple linear regression. R² is a measure of how close the data are to the fitted regression line.

Parameters

Return Value

The R² of the simple linear regression.

Examples

slrrsq(power)

The R² of the line that best fits power data.

See Also

slr(numbers)

slrb(numbers)

slrm(numbers)

Calculates the sample standard deviation of numbers.

Parameters

Return Value

The sample standard deviation.

Examples

stddev({1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10})

Gives the number 3.0276504.

stddev(if(power>runftp,power))

Gives the sample standard deviation of power above Run FTP.

See Also

pstddev(numbers)

Gives the total of the addition of all the values in the set of numbers.

Parameters

Return Value

The sum of numbers.

Examples

sum({1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10})

Gives the number 55.

sum(power * deltatime) / 1000

Gives work in kJ, same as the variable work.

See Also

cumsum(numbers)

sum(numbers, groupby)

Gives the total of the addition of all the values in the set of numbers, grouped by groupby.

Parameters

Return Value

Count of values grouped by groupby.

Examples

sum(tss, "week")

The weekly sum of tss values.

See Also

sum(numbers)

Gives the variance of numbers.

Parameters

Return Value

The variance of numbers.

Examples

pvariance(power)

At the workout level, gives the variance of the power channel.

See Also

pvariance(numbers)

Gives the number of levels in the specified system.

Parameters

Return Value

The count of levels.

Examples

levelcount("ilevels")

Gives the number of iLevels, which is 9.

Gives the low limit of a training level.

Parameters

Return Value

The low limit of a training level.

Discussion

The first level in any system begins with index 0. The levels you can use for the levelsname parameter are as follows.

Power levels:

• "ilevels"
• "classicpower"

Heart Rate Levels:

• "classichr"
• "frielhr"
• "usachr"
• "bcfhr"

Running Pace Levels:

• "frielpace"
• "pzipace"

Examples

levelfrom("classicpower",1)

Gives the lower limit of the second Classic Power level, the value of which depends on your bikethr.

See Also

levelname(levelsname, index)

levelto(levelsname, index)

Gives the low limit of an iLevel training level.

Parameters

Return Value

The low limit of a training level.

Discussion

The first level in any system begins with index 0.

Examples

levelfrom(meanmax(power),1)

Gives the lower limit of ilevel 1.

See Also

levelto(meanmaxcurve, index)

Gives the name of a training level.

Parameters

Return Value

The name of a specific training level within the traning levels system.

Discussion

The first level in any system begins with index 0. The levels you can use for the levelsname parameter are as follows.

Power levels:

• "ilevels"
• "classicpower"

Heart Rate Levels:

• "classichr"
• "frielhr"
• "usachr"
• "bcfhr"

Running Pace Levels:

• "frielpace"
• "pzipace"

Examples

levelname("classicpower",1)

Gives the name of the second Classic Power level, which is "Endurance".

See Also

levelfrom(levelsname, index)

levelto(levelsname, index)

Gives the upper limit of a training level.

Parameters

Return Value

The high limit of a training level.

Discussion

The first level in any system begins with index 0. The levels you can use for the levelsname parameter are as follows.

Power levels:

• "ilevels"
• "classicpower"

Heart Rate Levels:

• "classichr"
• "frielhr"
• "usachr"
• "bcfhr"

Running Pace Levels:

• "frielpace"
• "pzipace"

Examples

levelto("classicpower",0)

Gives the upper limit of the first Classic Power level, the value of which depends on your bikeftp.

See Also

levelfrom(levelsname, index)

levelname(levelsname, index)

Gives the upper limit of an iLevel training level.

Parameters

Return Value

The upper limit of a training level.

Discussion

The first level in any system begins with index 0.

Examples

levelto(meanmax(power),3)

Gives the upper limit of ilevel 3.

See Also

levelto(meanmaxcurve, index)

Gives the target duration for a given level.

Parameters

Return Value

Target duratin for the level.

Discussion

The first level begins with levelindex 0.

Examples

targetduration(3,meanmax(power))

Gives the target duration for level 3, Extensive Anaerobic (FRC).

See Also

targetname(levelindex)

targetpower(levelindex, meanmaxcurve)

Gives the name of a target level.

Parameters

Return Value

The name of the specified level.

Discussion

The first level begins with levelindex 0.

Examples

targetname(4)

Gives the name for level 4, Intensive Anaerobic (FRC).

See Also

targetpower(levelindex, meanmaxcurve)

targetduration(levelindex, meanmaxcurve)

Gives the target power for a given level.

Parameters

Return Value

Target power for the level.

Discussion

The first level begins with levelindex 0.

Examples

targetpower(3,meanmax(power))

Gives the target power for level 3, Extensive Anaerobic (FRC).

See Also

targetname(levelindex)

targetduration(levelindex, meanmaxcurve)

Converts numbers to the English units system.

Parameters

Return Value

Converted numbers.

Discussion

If the units of numbers is one of the following, the value is converted to its English equivalent. Otherwise no conversion is applied.

Examples

english(temperature)

If the default units system is metric, converts the temperature data channel from °C to °F.

See Also

metric(numbers)

Converts numbers to the metric units system.

Parameters

Return Value

Converted numbers.

Discussion

If the units of numbers is one of the following, the value is converted to its metric equivalent. Otherwise no conversion is applied.

Examples

metric(distance)

If the default units system is English, converts the workout distance data channel from mi to km.

See Also

english(numbers)

Average Effective Pedal Force

Discussion

Average Effective Pedal Force (AEPF) is a calculation that estimates the force applied to the pedal for one complete revolution, often used in Quadrant Analysis charts. The aepf variable is a list of numbers corresponding to force applied to the pedal in Newtons (N).

Required Data Channels

cadence

power

Circumferential Pedal Velocity

Discussion

Circumferential Pedal Velocity is a calculation that corresopnds to how fast the pedal moves around the circle it makes while pedaling and is often used in Quadrant Analysis charts. The cpv variable is a list of numbers corresponding pedal velocity in meters per second (m/s).

Required Data Channels

cadence

Change in elapsed distance

Discussion

The deltadistance variable is a list of numbers corresponding to the distance travelled between data records. It is a convenient equivalent to delta(elapseddistance) and also to shift(elapseddistance,1)-elapseddistance.

Required Data Channels

elapseddistance

See Also

delta(numbers)

shift(numbers, positions)

Change in elapsed time

Discussion

The deltatime variable is a list of numbers corresponding to the time elapsed between data records. It is a convenient equivalent to delta(elapsedtime) and also to shift(elapsedtime,1)-elapsedtime.

Required Data Channels

elapsedtime

See Also

delta(numbers)

shift(numbers, positions)

Elevation corrected power

Discussion

The ecpower data channel is an alternative to power which elevation to normalize data collected at higher elevations to sea-level equivalent. Please read the article on elevation corrected power for more information how to use it.

Required Data Channels

elevation

power

Left side gross power absorbed

Discussion

The gpaleft variable corresponds to the left side power in a pedal stroke that does NOT contribute to moving the bicycle forward. This data is available only for power meters that measure and record requires ANT+ pedaling metrics.

Required Data Channels

balance

effectivenessleft

power

See Also

gparight

gprleft

gprright

Right side gross power absorbed

Discussion

The gparight variable corresponds to the right side power in a pedal stroke that does NOT contribute to moving the bicycle forward. This data is available only for power meters that measure and record requires ANT+ pedaling metrics.

Required Data Channels

balance

effectivenessright

power

See Also

gpaleft

gprleft

gprright

Left side gross power released

Discussion

The gparight variable corresponds to the left side power that contributes to moving the bicycle forward. This data is available only for power meters that measure and record requires ANT+ pedaling metrics.

Required Data Channels

balance

effectivenessleft

power

See Also

gprright

gpaleft

gparight

Left side gross power released

Discussion

The gparight variable corresponds to the right side power that contributes to moving the bicycle forward. This data is available only for power meters that measure and record requires ANT+ pedaling metrics.

Required Data Channels

balance

effectivenessleft

power

See Also

gprright

gpaleft

gparight

Left side kurtotic index.

Discussion

Kurtotic index is the ratio of the maximum effective pedal force to the average effective pedal force during the power-producing phase of the pedal stroke. Requires ANT+ pedaling metrics.

Required Data Channels

effectivenessleft

smoothnessleft

Right side kurtotic index.

Discussion

Kurtotic index is the ratio of the maximum effective pedal force to the average effective pedal force during the power-producing phase of the pedal stroke. Requires ANT+ pedaling metrics.

Required Data Channels

effectivenessright

smoothnessright

Left side maximum effective pedal force

Discussion

Maximum effective pedal force is the maximum pedaling force applied to the pedal that causes the crank to turn around a complete revolution and contributes to effectively moving the bike forward. Requires ANT+ pedaling metrics.

Required Data Channels

balance

cadence

power

smoothnessleft

Right side maximum effective pedal force

Discussion

Maximum effective pedal force is the maximum pedaling force applied to the pedal that causes the crank to turn around a complete revolution and contributes to effectively moving the bike forward. Requires ANT+ pedaling metrics.

Required Data Channels

balance

cadence

power

smoothnessright

Rolling grade

Discussion

Rolling grade is a list of numbers corresponds to the grade for each data record, as opposed to grade which is a single number corresponding to the average grade over a range. Rolling grade is calculated after some smoothing is applied to elevation to minimize obvious noise and measurement errors. The definition of grade is found on Wikipedia and other similar web resources.

Required Data Channels

elapseddistance

elevation

Rolling normalized graded pace

Discussion

Rolling normalized graded pace is a list of numbers corresponding to normalized graded pace for each data record. It estimates the pace that is equivalent to running on flat ground. By normalizing pace to flat ground you can compare efforts on different courses having different elevation profiles.

Required Data Channels

elevation

speed

See Also

ngp

Discussion

Stamina is a measure of resistance to fatigue during prolonged-duration. Units are percent of maximum, i.e., 0-100%, although most individuals will fall in the 75 to 85 percent range.

Required Data Channels

power

Examples

stamina

Gives a stamina number based on workouts in the selected date range.

({begindate:enddate},athleterange({begindate:enddate}-89,{begindate:enddate},stamina))

Gives historical daily stamina numbers based on trailing 90 days.

Athlete age.

Discussion

The age variable corresponds to the athlete's age calculated using today's date and the athlete's birth date set on the Athlete Details tab.

Discussion

This is a list of the tags assigned to this athlete. Athlete tags can be set using the Athlete Details tab. There can be zero, one, or many tags in the list for each athlete.

Examples

max(athletetags="current")

Gives 1 if any of the athlete tags is equal to "current". Otherwise it gives 0.

Acute Training Load

Discussion

ATL is an exponentially weighted rolling average that corresponds to your recent or short-term training load based on atlconstant days. This variable is a shortcut for the expression tl(tss,atlconstant).

See Also

ctl

tsb

ramprate

Acute Training Load (ATL) constant

Discussion

The ATL constant is an exponential decay rate use calculate to acute (recent) training load. You can change the atlconstant variable by double-clicking ATL in the athlete bar at the top of the WKO main window. The default is 7 days.

Examples

tl(tss,atlconstant)

Gives acute training load (ATL) based on the atlconstant for the current athlete.

See Also

ctlconstant

tl(numbers, constant)

Historical functional threshold power (FTP) setting for Bike

Discussion

At the athlete level, bikeftp corresponds list of daily numbers corresponding to historical Bike FTP setting. At the workout level, bikeftp gives the Bike FTP setting as of the day of the workout. You can enter changes to the Bike FTP setting based on date using the Athlete Details tab.

Examples

bin(power, {0.7, 0.8, 0.9, 1.0, 1.1} * bikeftp)

At the athlete level, bins power into 6 levels based on zones calculated using a percentage of historical Bike FTP values.

See Also

indoorbikeftp

runftp

swimftp

skiftp

rowftp

otherftp

Historical maximum heart rate for Bike

Discussion

At the athlete level, bikemhr corresponds list of daily numbers corresponding to historical maximum heart rate. At the workout level, bikemhr gives the maximum heart rate as of the day of the workout. You can enter changes to maximum heart rate based on date using the Athlete Details tab.

Examples

bin(heartrate, {0.7, 0.8, 0.9} * bikemhr)

At the athlete level, bins heart rate into 4 levels based on zones calculated using a percentage of historical maximum heart rate values.

See Also

indoorbikemhr

runmhr

swimmhr

skimhr

rowmhr

othermhr

Historical threshold heart rate for Bike

Discussion

At the athlete level, bikethr corresponds list of daily numbers corresponding to historical threshold heart rate. At the workout level, bikethr gives the threshold heart rate as of the day of the workout. You can enter changes to threshold heart rate based on date using the Athlete Details tab.

Examples

bin(heartrate, {0.7, 0.8, 0.9, 1.0, 1.1} * bikethr)

At the athlete level, bins heart rate into 6 levels based on zones calculated using a percentage of historical threshold heart rate values.

See Also

indoorbikethr

runthr

swimthr

skithr

rowthr

otherthr

Historical threshold run pace for Bike

Discussion

At the athlete level, biketpace corresponds list of daily numbers corresponding to historical threshold pace. At the workout level, biketpace gives the threshold run pace as of the day of the workout. You can enter changes to threshold run pace based on date using the Athlete Details tab.

Examples

bin(speed, {0.7, 0.8, 0.9, 1.0, 1.1} * 60/biketpace)

At the athlete level, bins pace into 6 levels based on zones calculated using a percentage of historical threshold pace values.

See Also

indoorbiketpace

runtpace

swimtpace

skitpace

rowtpace

othertpace

Crank arm length

Discussion

This variable is likely to be replaced in the future. It is recommended to avoid using it. Instead, assign your own variable like @cranklength:=170.

Chronic Training Load

Discussion

ATL is an exponentially weighted rolling average that corresponds to your longer-term training load based on ctlconstant days. This variable is a shortcut for the expression tl(tss,ctlconstant).

See Also

atl

tsb

ramprate

Chronic Training Load (CTL) constant

Discussion

The CTL constant is an exponential decay rate use calculate to chronic (historical) training load. You can change the ctlconstant variable by double-clicking CTL in the athlete bar at the top of the WKO main window. The default is 42 days.

Examples

tl(tss,ctlconstant)

Gives acute training load (CTL) based on the ctlconstant for the current athlete.

See Also

atlconstant

tl(numbers, constant)

Athlete gender

Discussion

The gender variable corresponds to the athlete's gender as entered on the Athlete Details tab. Possible values are either "male" or "female".

Examples

pdcurve("excellent", gender)

Gives a power-duration curve standard line for "excellent" athletes based on the gender selected on the Athlete Details tab.

Historical functional threshold power (FTP) setting for Indoor Bike

Discussion

At the athlete level, indoorbikeftp corresponds list of daily numbers corresponding to historical Indoor Bike FTP setting. At the workout level, indoorbikeftp gives the Indoor Bike FTP setting as of the day of the workout. You can enter changes to the Indoor Bike FTP setting based on date using the Athlete Details tab.

Examples

bin(power, {0.7, 0.8, 0.9, 1.0, 1.1} * indoorbikeftp)

At the athlete level, bins power into 6 levels based on zones calculated using a percentage of historical Indoor Bike FTP values.

See Also

bikeftp

runftp

swimftp

skiftp

rowftp

otherftp

Historical maximum heart rate for Indoor Bike

Discussion

At the athlete level, indoorbikemhr corresponds list of daily numbers corresponding to historical maximum heart rate. At the workout level, indoorbikemhr gives the maximum heart rate as of the day of the workout. You can enter changes to maximum heart rate based on date using the Athlete Details tab.

Examples

bin(heartrate, {0.7, 0.8, 0.9} * indoorbikemhr)

At the athlete level, bins heart rate into 4 levels based on zones calculated using a percentage of historical maximum heart rate values.

See Also

bikemhr

runmhr

swimmhr

skimhr

rowmhr

othermhr

Historical threshold heart rate for Indoor Bike

Discussion

At the athlete level, indoorbikethr corresponds list of daily numbers corresponding to historical threshold heart rate. At the workout level, indoorbikethr gives the threshold heart rate as of the day of the workout. You can enter changes to threshold heart rate based on date using the Athlete Details tab.

Examples

bin(heartrate, {0.7, 0.8, 0.9, 1.0, 1.1} * indoorbikethr)

At the athlete level, bins heart rate into 6 levels based on zones calculated using a percentage of historical threshold heart rate values.

See Also

bikethr

runthr

swimthr

skithr

rowthr

otherthr

Historical threshold run pace for Bike

Discussion

At the athlete level, indoorbiketpace corresponds list of daily numbers corresponding to historical threshold pace. At the workout level, indoorbiketpace gives the threshold run pace as of the day of the workout. You can enter changes to threshold run pace based on date using the Athlete Details tab.

Examples

bin(speed, {0.7, 0.8, 0.9, 1.0, 1.1} * 60/indoorbiketpace)

At the athlete level, bins pace into 6 levels based on zones calculated using a percentage of historical threshold pace values.

See Also

biketpace

runtpace

swimtpace

skitpace

rowtpace

othertpace

Historical functional threshold power (FTP) setting for Other

Discussion

At the athlete level, otherftp corresponds list of daily numbers corresponding to historical Other FTP setting. At the workout level, otherftp gives the Other FTP setting as of the day of the workout. You can enter changes to the Other FTP setting based on date using the Athlete Details tab.

Examples

bin(power, {0.7, 0.8, 0.9, 1.0, 1.1} * otherftp)

At the athlete level, bins power into 6 levels based on zones calculated using a percentage of historical Other FTP values.

See Also

bikeftp

indoorbikeftp

runftp

swimftp

skiftp

rowftp

Historical maximum heart rate for Other

Discussion

At the athlete level, bikemhr corresponds list of daily numbers corresponding to historical maximum heart rate. At the workout level, othermhr gives the maximum heart rate as of the day of the workout. You can enter changes to maximum heart rate based on date using the Athlete Details tab.

Examples

bin(heartrate, {0.7, 0.8, 0.9} * othermhr)

At the athlete level, bins heart rate into 4 levels based on zones calculated using a percentage of historical maximum heart rate values.

See Also

bikemhr

indoorbikemhr

runmhr

swimmhr

skimhr

rowmhr

Historical threshold heart rate for Other

Discussion

At the athlete level, otherthr corresponds list of daily numbers corresponding to historical threshold heart rate. At the workout level, otherthr gives the threshold heart rate as of the day of the workout. You can enter changes to threshold heart rate based on date using the Athlete Details tab.

Examples

bin(heartrate, {0.7, 0.8, 0.9, 1.0, 1.1} * otherthr)

At the athlete level, bins heart rate into 6 levels based on zones calculated using a percentage of historical threshold heart rate values.

See Also

bikethr

indoorbikethr

runthr

swimthr

skithr

rowthr

Historical threshold run pace for Other

Discussion

At the athlete level, othertpace corresponds list of daily numbers corresponding to historical threshold pace. At the workout level, othertpace gives the threshold run pace as of the day of the workout. You can enter changes to threshold run pace based on date using the Athlete Details tab.

Examples

bin(speed, {0.7, 0.8, 0.9, 1.0, 1.1} * 60/othertpace)

At the athlete level, bins pace into 6 levels based on zones calculated using a percentage of historical threshold run pace values.

See Also

biketpace

indoorbiketpace

runtpace

swimtpace

skitpace

rowtpace

othertpace

Number of days used to calculate ramp rate

Discussion

The rampconstant is a number of days used to calculate ramp rate, usually 7, 14, or 21. The ramp rate tells how quickly you are changing volume of training. The default is 21 days, meaning that ramprate gives the change in Chronic Training Load averaged over a 3 week period but normalized per week.

Examples

(tl(tss,ctlconstant)-shift(tl(tss,ctlconstant),rampconstant))/(rampconstant/7)

Calculates the weekly CTL ramp rate based on change over rampconstant days.

See Also

ramprate

Ramp Rate

Discussion

Ramp Rate is the rate at which (Chronic Training Load) (CTL) is rising or declining normalized per week.

See Also

atl

ctl

tsb

Historical functional threshold power (FTP) setting for Row

Discussion

At the athlete level, rowftp corresponds list of daily numbers corresponding to historical Row FTP setting. At the workout level, rowftp gives the Row FTP setting as of the day of the workout. You can enter changes to the Row FTP setting based on date using the Athlete Details tab.

Examples

bin(power, {0.7, 0.8, 0.9, 1.0, 1.1} * rowftp)

At the athlete level, bins power into 6 levels based on zones calculated using a percentage of historical Row FTP values.

See Also

bikeftp

indoorbikeftp

runftp

swimftp

skiftp

otherftp

Historical maximum heart rate for Row

Discussion

At the athlete level, rowmhr corresponds list of daily numbers corresponding to historical maximum heart rate. At the workout level, rowmhr gives the maximum heart rate as of the day of the workout. You can enter changes to maximum heart rate based on date using the Athlete Details tab.

Examples

bin(heartrate, {0.7, 0.8, 0.9} * rowmhr)

At the athlete level, bins heart rate into 4 levels based on zones calculated using a percentage of historical maximum heart rate values.

See Also

bikemhr

indoorbikemhr

runmhr

swimmhr

skimhr

othermhr

Historical threshold heart rate for Row

Discussion

At the athlete level, rowthr corresponds list of daily numbers corresponding to historical threshold heart rate. At the workout level, rowthr gives the threshold heart rate as of the day of the workout. You can enter changes to threshold heart rate based on date using the Athlete Details tab.

Examples

bin(heartrate, {0.7, 0.8, 0.9, 1.0, 1.1} * rowthr)

At the athlete level, bins heart rate into 6 levels based on zones calculated using a percentage of historical threshold heart rate values.

See Also

bikethr

indoorbikethr

runthr

swimthr

skithr

otherthr

Historical threshold run pace for Row

Discussion

At the athlete level, rowtpace corresponds list of daily numbers corresponding to historical threshold pace. At the workout level, rowtpace gives the threshold run pace as of the day of the workout. You can enter changes to threshold run pace based on date using the Athlete Details tab.

Examples

bin(speed, {0.7, 0.8, 0.9, 1.0, 1.1} * 60/rowtpace)

At the athlete level, bins pace into 6 levels based on zones calculated using a percentage of historical threshold pace values.

See Also

biketpace