• has(string, substring)
  Check if a string contains the substring.

  Parameters

  string	The string to check
  substring	The substring to search for

  Return Value

  Returns 1 if the substring is found within string, otherwise 0.

  Discussion

  The search is not case sensitive, so "vo2max" will match a title that contains "VO2MAX" or "VO2max" too. The has function is most often used as part of the condition part of the if function.

  Athlete Level Examples

  if(has(title, "vo2max"), tss)

  Gives TSS for all workouts that have vo2max in the title.

  See Also

  if(condition, truevalue)

  if(condition, truevalue, falsevalue)

• hastag(string)
  Check if a workout has the specified tag.

  Parameters

  string

  The tag to check.

  Return Value

  Returns 1 if the workout has the tag, otherwise 0.

  Discussion

  A workout can have zero or more tags. This function returns 1 if string is equal to one of the workout's tags. The search is not case sensitive, but string must match the entire tag. The hastag function is most often used as part of the condition part of the if function.

  Athlete Level Examples

  if(hastag("edge800"), distance)

  Gives distance for all workouts that have the EDGE800 tag.

  if(hastag("race"), if)

  Gives the intensity factor for all workouts that have the RACE tag.

  pdcurve(meanmax(if(hastag("kickr"),power)))

  Gives a Power-Duration curve for only those workouts with the tag kickr.

  See Also

  if(condition, truevalue)

  if(condition, truevalue, falsevalue)

• if(condition, truevalue)
  Check a condition and give truevalue if the condition is true.

  Parameters

  condition	The condition to check.
  truevalue	The value to use if condition is true.

  Return Value

  Returns truevalue if condition is true, otherwise returns --.

  Discussion

  This function allows you to include or exclude values from a set based on a condition, thus transforming or creating a subset of the data.

  Workout Level Examples

  if(cadence>0 and cadence<50, cadence)

  Gives all cadence values that are greater than zero but less than 50.

  avg(if(power>sftp, power))

  Gives the average of all power values that exceed the sFTP for that workout.

  Athlete Level Examples

  if(max(power)>1000, date)

  Gives the workout date & time for all workouts that have maximum power over 1000W.

  See Also

  if(condition, truevalue, falsevalue)

• if(condition, truevalue, falsevalue)
  Check a condition and give truevalue if the condition is true, or falsevalue if the condition is false.

  Parameters

  condition	The condition to check.
  truevalue	The value to use if condition is true.
  falsevalue	The value to use if condition is false.

  Return Value

  For each value in condition, returns truevalue if is true, otherwise returns falsevalue.

  Discussion

  This function allows you to choose values from two different data sets depending on a condition.

  Athlete Level Examples

  if(date < today, tss, plannedtss)

  Gives completed TSS values for workouts prior to today, but planned TSS values for workouts today or in the future.

  See Also

  if(condition, truevalue)

• isvalid(numbers)
  For one or more numbers, returns one (true) if it is valid, or zero (false) if it is not a number (na).

  Parameters

  numbers

  The numbers to check.

  Return Value

  Returns 1 if the number is a valid number, otherwise 0.

  Discussion

  In some cases a number is missing, which is different than zero. For example, if a bike workout doesn't have a power channel, then the average power is not zero, it is missing. Numbers that are missing are equal to the constant na which stands for not available or not a number.

  Examples

  isvalid(na)

  Gives 0.

  isvalid(0)

  Gives 1.

  isvalid({na, 0, 456, 1/0})

  Gives {0, 1, 1, 0}.

  sum(if(isvalid(power), deltatime))

  Gives the number of seconds for which there are valid power numbers.

  See Also

  na

  if(condition, truevalue)

• date(value)
  Converts a weekvalue, monthvalue, or yearvalue to a date.

  Parameters

  value

  A weekvalue, monthvalue, or yearvalue.

  Return Value

  A datevalue.

  Discussion

  If you convert a datevalue using a weekvalue, monthvalue or yearvalue function, you can convert it back to a datevalue. This can be useful if you want to do arithmetic on a weekvalue, monthvalue or yearvalue and convert back to a date.

  Examples

  date(trunc(weekval(today))+1)

  Gives the date of the first day of next week. You pick which day of week is first (Sunday, Monday, ...) using WKO4 Preferences.

  date(trunc(monthval(today))+1)-1

  Gives the date of the last day of the current month.

  date(trunc(yearval(today)))

  Gives the first date of the current year.

  date(trunc(yearval(today))+1)-1

  Gives the last date of the current year.

  See Also

  today

  trunc(numbers)

  weekval(datevalues)

  monthval(datevalues)

  yearval(datevalues)

• date(year, month, day)
  Creates a date value using the month, day and year components.

  Parameters

  year	Four digit year number.
  day	Day number starting with 1.
  month	Month number between 1 and 12.

  Return Value

  A date value corresponding to the values year, month, day.

  Discussion

  When you enter a date value like 4/5/2016 into WKO4, the date is interpreted according to the current region settings on your computer, so that could mean April 5th or May 4th. The date function eliminates that ambiguity and is interpreted the same way regardless of region settings. Dates in WKO4 are stored internally as days since January 1, 1901. WKO4 displays a date using the computer's regional settings when using the units "date" otherwise it shows a fractional number.

  Examples

  date(2016, 4, 7)

  Gives the date April 7, 2016, but the formatting depends on the units selected. In North America WKO4 will show 4/7/2016 if the units are date. If the units are not date then it will show the number 42,100.

  date(2015, month(today), day(today))

  Gives the date in 2015 corresponding to today's month and day.

  today - date(2015, 7, 1)

  Gives the number of days since July 1, 2015.

  date({2015:2017}, 12, 31)

  Gives a set of three dates, December 31 in the years 2015, 2016 and 2017.

  See Also

  day(datevalues)

  week(datevalues)

  month(datevalues)

  year(datevalues)

• day(datevalues)
  Get the day of month for one or more dates.

  Parameters

  datevalues

  A single date, or set of dates.

  Return Value

  Returns the day of month (a number between 1 and 31) for datevalues.

  Examples

  day(today)

  Gives the day of month for today.

  day({today-1,today,today+1})

  Gives the day of month for yesterday, today, and tomorrow.

  Athlete Level Examples

  day(date)

  Gives the day of month for the workout date of all the workouts int the selected range.

  See Also

  date

  today

  week(datevalues)

  month(datevalues)

  year(datevalues)

• dayofweek(date)
  Gives the day of week as an offset to first day of the week according to the Preferences setting.

  Parameters

  date	One or more date values.

  Return Value

  A number between 0 and 6.

  Discussion

  The first day of the week is set in the WKO4 Preferences. For each date, this function gives the number of days after the first day of the week.

  Examples

  dayofweek(date(2016, 4, 7))

  If the first day of the week is configured as Monday, this gives the number 3 (Thursday).

  dayofweek(today)

  Gives the day of the week for today.

  {"Mo","Tu","We", "Th", "Fr", "Sa", "Su"}[dayofweek(date)]

  Assuming the week starts on Monday, this gives a two letter abbreviation for each workout date.

  See Also

  day(datevalues)

  week(datevalues)

  month(datevalues)

  year(datevalues)

• formatdate(datevalues, format)
  Formats date/time values using a custom format specification string. The string can contain a combination of these variables:

  yy	Two digit year with leading zero.
  yyyy	Four digit year
  M	Month number without leading zero.
  MM	Month number with leading zero
  MMM	Abbreviated month name
  MMMM	Full month name
  d	Day of month wihout leading zero.
  dd	Day of month with leading zero
  EEE	Abbreviated day of week.
  EEEE	Full day of week.
  h	Hour without leading zero, 0-12
  hh	Hour with leading zero, 00-12
  H	Hour without leading zero, 0-24
  HH	Hour with leading zero, 00-24
  m	Minute without leading zero.
  mm	Minute with leading zero.
  s	Seconds without leading zero.
  ss	Seconds with leading zero.
  a	AM or PM

  You can also include other text in the format string by enclosing it in single quotes. Two single quotes in a row will be translated as one single quote. There are a few characters that do not need to be enclosed in single quotes:

  space : - . / ,

  Parameters

  datevalues	A single date, or set of date/time values.
  format	A format specification string.

  Return Value

  Returns a string with the formatted date/time.

  Examples

  formatdate(today, "EEEE, MMMM dd, yyyy")

  Gives todays date formatted similar to "Saturday, August 13, 2016".

  formatdate(date, "EEE MM/dd/yy hh:mm:ssa")

  Gives the date/time of a workout formatted similar to "Fri 08/12/16 01:21:06PM".

  formatdate(date, "yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss")

  Gives the date/time of a workout formatted similar to "2016-08-12 13:21:06".

  formatdate(date, "h:mm 'o''clock'")

  Gives the date/time of a workout formatted similar to "1:21 o'clock".

  See Also

  date

  today

• month(datevalues)
  Get the month number for one or more dates.

  Parameters

  datevalues

  A single date, or set of dates.

  Return Value

  Returns the month number (a number between 1 and 12) for datevalues.

  Examples

  month(date(2016,8,21))

  Gives the number 8.

  month(today)

  Gives the month number for today, a number between 1 and 12.

  Athlete Level Examples

  month(date)

  Gives the month number for the workout date of all the workouts int the selected range.

  See Also

  date

  today

  day(datevalues)

  week(datevalues)

  year(datevalues)

• monthval(datevalues)
  Takes a date value and converts it to a month value.

  Parameters

  datevalues

  A single date, or set of dates.

  Return Value

  Returns the month value for datevalues.

  Discussion

  The monthval function converts the date value to a fractional number of months since January 1, 1901. This is different than the month function which only gives a number between 1 and 12. WKO4 displays a month value using the computer's regional settings when using the units "month" otherwise it shows a fractional number.

  Examples

  monthval(date(2015, 11, 3))

  Gives "November 2015" if the units are set to month, otherwise it gives the number 1,378.0666667.

  trunc(monthval(date(2015, 11, 3)))

  Gives "November 2015" if the units are set to month, otherwise it gives the number 1,378.

  date(trunc(monthval(today)))

  Gives the date of the first day of the current month.

  date(trunc(monthval(today))+1)

  Gives the date of the first day of the next month.

  date(trunc(monthval(today))+1)-1

  Gives the date of the last day of the current month.

  See Also

  trunc(numbers)

  weekval(datevalues)

  yearval(datevalues)

• startofmonth(datevalues)
  Get the date of first day of the month.

  Parameters

  datevalues

  A single date, or set of dates.

  Return Value

  Returns a date value for the first day of the month for each datevalue.

  Examples

  startofmonth(today)

  Gives the date of the first day of the current month.

  See Also

  startofweek(datevalues)

  startofyear(datevalues)

• startofweek(datevalues)
  Get the month number for one or more dates.

  Parameters

  datevalues

  A single date, or set of dates.

  Return Value

  Returns the date of the first day of the week for each date in datevalues.

  Discussion

  This could be useful when creating a date range in the RHE.

  Examples

  startofweek(today)

  Gives the date of the first day in the current week.

  startofweek(today) + 6

  Gives the date of the last day in the current week.

  startofweek(today) + 7

  Gives the date of the first day in the next week.

  See Also

  startofmonth(datevalues)

  startofyear(datevalues)

• startofyear(datevalues)
  Get the date of the start of the year that contains datevalues.

  Parameters

  datevalues

  A single date, or set of dates.

  Return Value

  Returns January 1st of the year specified in datevalues.

  Discussion

  This could be useful when creating a date range in the RHE.

  Examples

  startofyear(today)

  Gives the first day of the current year.

  date(year(today), 12, 31)

  Gives the last date of the current year.

  startofyear(startofyear(today)-1)

  date(year(today)-1, 1, 1)

  Both give the first day of the previous year.

  startofyear(today)-1

  Gives the last day of the previous year.

  See Also

  startofweek(datevalues)

  startofmonth(datevalues)

• week(datevalues)
  Get the week number for one or more dates.

  Parameters

  datevalues

  A single date, or set of dates.

  Return Value

  Returns the week number (a number between 1 and 53) for datevalues.

  Discussion

  This function gives a number according to the ISO-8601 standard. It is a count of weeks starting on Monday, where the first week of the year is the week that contains that year's first Thursday (a minimum of four days in the first week).

  Examples

  week(today)

  Gives the week number for today, a number between 1 and 53.

  Athlete Level Examples

  month(date)

  Gives the month number for the workout date of all the workouts int the selected range.

  See Also

  day(datevalues)

  week(datevalues)

  year(datevalues)

• weekval(datevalues)
  Takes a date value and converts it to a week value.

  Parameters

  datevalues

  A single date, or set of dates.

  Return Value

  Returns the week value for datevalues.

  Discussion

  The weekval function converts the date value to a fractional number of weeks since January 1, 1901. Whereas the week function gives a number between 1 and 53, the weekval function gives a month for a specific date to include the year, and then formats the number as "month yyyy" such as "March 2015".

  Examples

  weekval(date(2015, 11, 8))

  Gives "11/8/15" if the units are set to week, otherwise if the units are blank it gives the number 5,993.857.

  trunc(weekval(date(2015, 11, 8)))

  Gives "11/2/15" (a Monday) if the units are set to week, otherwise if the units are blank it gives the number 5,993. The trunc function removes the fractional part of the week.

  See Also

  monthval(datevalues)

  yearval(datevalues)

• year(datevalues)
  Get the year number for one or more dates.

  Parameters

  datevalues

  A single date, or set of dates.

  Return Value

  Returns the year number, a four digit number like 2016.

  Examples

  year(date(2017,8,21))

  Gives the number 2017.

  year(today)

  Gives the four digit year number for today.

  Athlete Level Examples

  year(date)

  Gives the year number for the workout date of all the workouts int the selected range.

  See Also

  day(datevalues)

  week(datevalues)

  month(datevalues)

• yearval(datevalues)
  Takes a date value and converts it to a year value.

  Parameters

  datevalues

  A single date, or set of dates.

  Return Value

  Returns the year value for datevalues.

  Discussion

  The yearval function converts the date value to a fractional number of years since January 1, 1901. Whereas the year function gives a number between 1980 and 2099, the yearval function gives a the fractional number of years since January 1, 1901.

  Examples

  yearval(date(2015, 11, 8))

  Gives 2015 if the units are set to year, otherwise if the units are blank it gives the number 114.852.

  trunc(yearval(date(2015, 11, 8)))

  Gives 2015 if the units are set to year, otherwise if the units are blank it gives the number 114. The trunc function removes the fractional part of the year.

  See Also

  weekval(datevalues)

  monthval(datevalues)

• logicaland(lhs, rhs)
  Evaluates a logical and, same as the and and && operators.

  Parameters

  lhs	Left hand side operand.
  rhs	Right hand side operand.

  Return Value

  Returns 1 if both lhs and rhs are nonzero, otherwise returns 0.

  Discussion

  The and and && operators both use the logicaland function. So that means that both date>today and plannedtss>100 and date>today && plannedtss>100 are equivalent to logicaland(date>today, plannedtss>100). The logicaland function and equivalent operators are most often used with the if function to create a compound condition, for example "if this and that".

  Athlete Level Examples

  if(logicaland(date>today, plannedtss>100), plannedtss)

  Gives the planned TSS for all workouts after today and have planned TSS greater than 100.

  See Also

  and

  &&

  if(condition, truevalue)

  if(condition, truevalue, falsevalue)

  logicalor(lhs, rhs)

• logicalor(lhs, rhs)
  Evaluates a logical or, same as the or and || operators.

  Parameters

  lhs	Left hand side operand.
  rhs	Right hand side operand.

  Return Value

  Returns 1 if either lhs or rhs are nonzero, otherwise returns 0.

  Discussion

  The or and || operators both use the logicalor function. So that means that both hastag("race") or has(title, "race") and hastag("race") || has(title, "race") are equivalent to logicalor(hastag("race"), has(title, "race")). The logicalor function and equivalent operators are most often used with the if function to create a compound condition, for example "if this or that".

  Athlete Level Examples

  if(logicalor(hastag("race"), has(title, "race")), if)

  Gives the intensity factor for all workouts that either have a tag named race or have race somewhere in the workout title.

  See Also

  if(condition, truevalue)

  if(condition, truevalue, falsevalue)

  logicaland(lhs, rhs)

• abs(numbers)
  Calculates the absolute value of each number value in numbers.

  Parameters

  numbers

  A single number, a set of numbers, or a numeric variable.

  Return Value

  The absolute value of each value in numbers.

  Examples

  abs(3)

  3

  abs(-3)

  3

  abs({1,-1,0,3,-3})

  {1, 1, 0, 3, 3}

  abs(elevation)

  The absolute value of every value in elevation.

  See Also

  sign(numbers)

• add(lhs, rhs)
  Adds lhs to rhs.

  Parameters

  lhs	A single number, a set of numbers, or a numeric variable.
  rhs	A single number, a set of numbers, or a numeric variable.

  Return Value

  The sum of rhs and lhs.

  Examples

  add(1,2)

  3

  add(1,-3)

  • 2

  add({1,2,3}, {4,5,6})

  {5, 7, 9}

  See Also

  +

• divide(lhs, rhs)
  Divides lhs by rhs.

  Parameters

  lhs	A single number, a set of numbers, or a numeric variable.
  rhs	A single number, a set of numbers, or a numeric variable.

  Return Value

  The result of lhs divided by rhs.

  Examples

  divide(1,2)

  0.5

  divide(1,-4)

  • 0.25

  divide({2,10,50}, {2,2,5})

  {1, 5, 10}

  See Also

  /

• ln(numbers)
  Gives the natural log of numbers.

  Parameters

  numbers

  A single number, a set of numbers, or a numeric variable.

  Return Value

  The natural log of numbers.

  Examples

  ln(e^5)

  5

  See Also

  e

  log10(numbers)

  log(numbers, base)

• log(numbers, base)
  Gives the base base logarithm of numbers.

  Parameters

  numbers	A single number, a set of numbers, or a numeric variable.
  base	The base of the logarithm.

  Return Value

  The log of numbers.

  Examples

  log(64,2)

  Gives the number 6, because 2^6 = 64.

  See Also

  ln(numbers)

  log10(numbers)

• log10(numbers)
  Gives the base 10 logarithm of numbers.

  Parameters

  numbers

  A single number, a set of numbers, or a numeric variable.

  Return Value

  The log of numbers.

  Examples

  log10(1000)

  Gives the number 3, because 10^3 = 1000.

  See Also

  ln(numbers)

  log(numbers, base)

• multiply(lhs, rhs)
  Multiply lhs by rhs.

  Parameters

  lhs	A single number, a set of numbers, or a numeric variable.
  rhs	A single number, a set of numbers, or a numeric variable.

  Return Value

  The product of lhs multiplied by rhs.

  Examples

  multiply(1,2)

  2

  multiply({2,10,50}, {2,2,5})

  {4, 20, 250}

  See Also

  *

• power(lhs, rhs)
  Raise lhs to the power rhs.

  Parameters

  lhs	A single number, a set of numbers, or a numeric variable.
  rhs	A single number, a set of numbers, or a numeric variable.

  Return Value

  The value of lhs raised to the rhs power.

  Examples

  power(2,4)

  16

  power(64,1/3)

  4 64^(1/2)

  power({2,10,50}, {5,3,2})

  {32, 1000, 2500}

  See Also

  ^

• sign(numbers)
  Gives the sign of numbers.

  Parameters

  numbers

  A single number, a set of numbers, or a numeric variable.

  Return Value

  Returns 1 for positive numbers, -1 for negative numbers and 0 for zero.

  Examples

  sign(3)

  1

  sign(-9)

  (-1)

  sign(0)

  0

  sign({-7,5,11})*abs({-7,5,11})

  {-7,5,11}

• sqrt(numbers)
  Gives the square root of numbers.

  Parameters

  numbers

  A single number, a set of numbers, or a numeric variable.

  Return Value

  The square root of numbers.

  Examples

  sqrt(16)

  4

  sqrt({9,64,16})

  {3, 8, 4}

• subtract(lhs, rhs)
  Subtracts rhs from lhs.

  Parameters

  lhs	A single number, a set of numbers, or a numeric variable.
  rhs	A single number, a set of numbers, or a numeric variable.

  Return Value

  The difference of lhs minus rhs.

  Examples

  subtract(1,2)

  Gives -1.

  subtract(1,-3)

  Gives 4.

  subtract({7,2,19}, {4,5,6})

  Gives {3, -3, 13}.

  See Also

  -

• fibertype(meanmaxcurve)
  Get the estimated % type I muscle fiber area (slow-twitch) based on a mean maximal curve.

  Parameters

  meanmaxcurve

  Mean maximal power curve data, usually meanmax(power).

  Return Value

  The estimated % type I muscle fiber area.

  Discussion

  This function gives the percent of type I fast twitch musle fiber for the time period included in meanmaxcurve. It gives a single number for a meanmax curve, where the quality of the estimate is increased by including a representative sample of workouts in that meanmaxcurve. Read the Power-Duration Metrics e-book.

  Examples

  fibertype(meanmax(power))

  Gives the percent of type I slow-twitch muscle fiber for the meanmax curve.

  See Also

  fibertype(meanmaxcurve, lookback)

  meanmax(pairs)

• fibertype(meanmaxcurve, lookback)
  Get daily estimated % type I muscle fiber area (slow-twitch) based on a rolling window of lookback days.

  Parameters

  meanmaxcurve	Mean maximal power curve data, usually meanmax(power).
  lookback	The number of backward looking days.

  Return Value

  Daily estimated % percentages of type I slow-twitch muscle fiber, based on a rolling window of lookback days.

  Discussion

  This function builds a meanmax curve for every date in the selected RHE date range, where each meanmax curve is comprised of the previous lookback days. Then from each daily meanmax curve it calculates the percentage of type II fibers. Typical numbers to use for lookback are between 30 and 90; larger numbers are chosen to capture bests at the largest variety of durations, but smaller numbers are used to be more sensitive to detraining. Read the Power-Duration Metrics e-book.

  Examples

  fibertype(meanmax(power),90)

  Gives daily estimated % of type I slow-twitch fibers.

  See Also

  fibertype(meanmaxcurve)

  meanmax(pairs)

• frc(meanmaxcurve)
  Get the Functional Reserve Capacity.

  Parameters

  meanmaxcurve

  Mean maximal power curve data, usually meanmax(power) or meanmax(power/weight).

  Return Value

  The Functional Reserve Capacity value in kJ or kJ/kg for meanmaxcurve.

  Discussion

  This function gives the Functional Reserve Capacity for the time period included in the meanmaxcurve. It gives a single number for a meanmax curve, where the quality of the estimate is increased by including a representative sample of workouts in that meanmaxcurve. Read the Power-Duration Metrics e-book.

  Examples

  frc(meanmax(power))

  Gives the Functional Reserve Capacity in kJ.

  frc(meanmax(power/weight))

  Gives the Functional Reserve Capacity normalized to weight in kJ/kg.

  See Also

  frc(meanmaxcurve, lookback)

  frce(meanmaxcurve)

  meanmax(pairs)

• frc(meanmaxcurve, lookback)
  Get daily the Functional Reserve Capacity based on a rolling window of lookback days.

  Parameters

  meanmaxcurve	Mean maximal power curve data, usually meanmax(power).
  lookback	The number of backward looking days.

  Return Value

  Gives daily Functional Reserve Capacity values, one for each date in the selected RHE date range.

  Discussion

  This function builds a meanmax curve for every date in the selected RHE date range, where each meanmax curve is comprised of the previous lookback days. Then from each daily meanmax curve it calculates the FRC. Typical numbers to use for lookback are between 30 and 90; larger numbers are chosen to capture bests at the largest variety of durations, but smaller numbers are used to be more sensitive to detraining. Read the Power-Duration Metrics e-book.

  Examples

  frc(meanmax(power/weight),90)

  Gives daily FRC normalized for body weight in mL/min/kg.

  See Also

  frc(meanmaxcurve)

  frce(meanmaxcurve)

  meanmax(pairs)

• frccurve(meanmaxcurve)
  Generate a power-duration curve based on meanmaxcurve showing only the FRC component.

  Parameters

  meanmaxcurve

  Mean maximal power curve data, usually meanmax(power) or meanmax(power/weight).

  Return Value

  A power-duration curve showing modeled power derived from FRC, at a variety of durations.

  Discussion

  Read the Power-Duration Metrics e-book.

  Examples

  pdcurve(meanmax(power))

  Gives a power-duration curve.

  See Also

  meanmax(pairs)

  pdcurve(meanmaxcurve)

  ftpcurve(meanmaxcurve)

• frce(meanmaxcurve)
  Get the estimated error calculating Functional Reserve Capacity.

  Parameters

  meanmaxcurve

  Mean maximal power curve data, usually meanmax(power) or meanmax(power/weight.

  Return Value

  Estimated error as +/- kJ orkJ/kg.

  Discussion

  This function calculates the estimated error when modeling FRC, in +/- kJ or kJ/kg. Read the Power-Duration Metrics e-book.

  Examples

  frce(meanmax(power))

  Gives the estimated error as +/- kJ.

  See Also

  frc(meanmaxcurve)

  frc(meanmaxcurve, lookback)

  meanmax(pairs)

• ftp(meanmaxcurve)
  Get the modeled Functional Threshold Power.

  Parameters

  meanmaxcurve

  Mean maximal power curve data, usually meanmax(power) or meanmax(power/weight).

  Return Value

  The Functional Threshold Power value in W or W/kgfor meanmaxcurve.

  Discussion

  This function gives the Functional Threshold Power for the time period included in the meanmaxcurve. It gives a single number for a meanmax curve, where the quality of the estimate is increased by including a representative sample of workouts in that meanmaxcurve. Read the Power-Duration Metrics e-book.

  Examples

  ftp(meanmax(power))

  Gives modeled FTP in W.

  ftp(meanmax(power/weight))

  Gives modeled FTP normalized for body weight in W/kg.

  See Also

  ftp(meanmaxcurve, lookback)

  ftpe(meanmaxcurve)

  meanmax(pairs)

• ftp(meanmaxcurve, lookback)
  Get daily modeled FTP.

  Parameters

  meanmaxcurve	Mean maximal power curve data, usually meanmax(power).
  lookback	The number of backward looking days.

  Return Value

  Gives daily Functional Threhold Power values, one for each date in the selected RHE date range.

  Discussion

  This function builds a meanmax curve for every date in the selected RHE date range, where each meanmax curve is comprised of the previous lookback days. Then from each daily meanmax curve it calculates the FTP. Typical numbers to use for lookback are between 30 and 90; larger numbers are chosen to capture bests at the largest variety of durations, but smaller numbers are used to be more sensitive to detraining. Read the Power-Duration Metrics e-book.

  Examples

  ftp(meanmax(power),90)

  Gives daily modeled FTP.

  See Also

  ftp(meanmaxcurve)

  ftpe(meanmaxcurve)

  meanmax(pairs)

• ftpcurve(meanmaxcurve)
  Generate a power-duration curve based on meanmaxcurve showing only the FTP component.

  Parameters

  meanmaxcurve

  Mean maximal power curve data, usually meanmax(power) or meanmax(power/weight).

  Return Value

  A power-duration curve showing modeled power derived from FTP, at a variety of durations.

  Discussion

  Read the Power-Duration Metrics e-book.

  Examples

  pdcurve(meanmax(power))

  Gives a power-duration curve.

  See Also

  meanmax(pairs)

  pdcurve(meanmaxcurve)

  frccurve(meanmaxcurve)

• ftpe(meanmaxcurve)
  Get the estimated error calculating Functional Threshold Power.

  Parameters

  meanmaxcurve

  Mean maximal power curve data, usually meanmax(power).

  Return Value

  One daily modeled FTP number for each date in the selected RHE date range.

  Discussion

  This function builds a meanmax curve for every date in the selected RHE date range, where each meanmax curve is comprised of the previous lookback days. Then from each daily meanmax curve it calculates the vo2max. Typical numbers to use for lookback are between 30 and 90; larger numbers are chosen to capture bests at the largest variety of durations, but smaller numbers are used to be more sensitive to detraining. Read the Power-Duration Metrics e-book.

  Examples

  vo2max(meanmax(power),90)*1000/metric(weight)"mL/min/kg"

  Gives daily FTP normalized for body weight in mL/min/kg.

  See Also

  ftp(meanmaxcurve, lookback)

  ftp(meanmaxcurve)

  meanmax(pairs)

• pdcurve(meanmaxcurve)
  Generate a power-duration curve based on meanmaxcurve.

  Parameters

  meanmaxcurve

  Mean maximal power curve data, usually meanmax(power).

  Return Value

  A power-duration curve showing modeled power at a variety of durations.

  Discussion

  Read the Power-Duration Metrics e-book.

  Examples

  pdcurve(meanmax(power))

  Gives a power-duration curve.

  See Also

  meanmax(pairs)

  pdprofile(meanmaxcurve)

• pdcurve(standardindex, gender)
  Generate a power-duration curve in power/weight based based on standards for the specified gender.

  Parameters

  standardindex

  A number from 0 through 7, or one of the following: "untrained", "fair", "moderate", "good",

  "verygood", "excellent", "exceptional", "worldclass".

  gender

  Either "male" or "female".

  Return Value

  A power-duration curve showing modeled power for different standards.

  Discussion

  Read the Power-Duration Metrics e-book.

  Examples

  pdcurve("excellent", "female")

  Gives a power-duration curve standard line for "excellent" females.

  See Also

  pdcurve(meanmaxcurve)

  meanmax(pairs)

  gender

• pdprofile(meanmaxcurve)
  Generate a power-duration profile curve.

  Parameters

  standardindex

  A number from 0 through 7, or one of the following: "untrained", "fair", "moderate", "good",

  "verygood", "excellent", "exceptional", "worldclass".

  gender

  Either "male" or "female".

  Return Value

  A power-duration curve showing modeled power for different standards.

  Examples

  pdprofile(meanmax(power/weight))

  Gives a power-duration curve for "excellent" females.

  See Also

  pdcurve(meanmaxcurve)

• phenotype(meanmaxcurve)
  Get rider phenotype based on meanmaxcurve.

  Parameters

  meanmaxcurve

  Mean maximal power curve data, usually meanmax(power).

  Return Value

  The phenotype of the athlete: "Sprinter", "Pursuiter", "TTer", or "All-rounder".

  Discussion

  This function builds a meanmax curve for every date in the selected RHE date range, where each meanmax curve is comprised of the previous lookback days. Then from each daily meanmax curve it calculates the vo2max. Typical numbers to use for lookback are between 30 and 90; larger numbers are chosen to capture bests at the largest variety of durations, but smaller numbers are used to be more sensitive to detraining. Read the Power-Duration Metrics e-book.

  Examples

  vo2max(meanmax(power),90)*1000/metric(weight)"mL/min/kg"

  Gives daily VO2max normalized for body weight in mL/min/kg.

  See Also

  vo2max(meanmaxcurve)

  meanmax(pairs)

• pmax(meanmaxcurve)
  Get Pmax in W or W/kg.

  Parameters

  meanmaxcurve

  Mean maximal power curve data, usually meanmax(power) or meanmax(power/weight).

  Return Value

  The athlete's Pmax for the selected RHE date range.

  Discussion

  Gives the modeled maximum power. Read the Power-Duration Metrics e-book.

  Examples

  pmax(meanmax(power))

  Gives the Pmax for the selected date range.

  See Also

  pmax(meanmaxcurve, lookback)

  meanmax(pairs)

• pmax(meanmaxcurve, lookback)
  Get daily Pmax in W or W/kg.

  Parameters

  meanmaxcurve	Mean maximal power curve data, usually meanmax(power) or meanmax(power/weight).
  lookback	The number of backward looking days to include when calculating each daily Pmax.

  Return Value

  One daily Pmax number for each date in the selected RHE date range.

  Discussion

  This function builds a meanmax curve for every date in the selected RHE date range, where each meanmax curve is comprised of the previous lookback days. Then from each daily meanmax curve it calculates the Pmax. Typical numbers to use for lookback are between 30 and 90; larger numbers are chosen to capture bests at the largest variety of durations, but smaller numbers are used to be more sensitive to detraining. Read the Power-Duration Metrics e-book.

  Examples

  pmax(meanmax(power))

  Gives daily Pmax.

  See Also

  pmax(meanmaxcurve)

  meanmax(pairs)

• pmaxe(meanmaxcurve)
  Get the estimated error calculating Pmax.

  Parameters

  meanmaxcurve

  Mean maximal power curve data, usually meanmax(power).

  Return Value

  The estimated error for Pmax in the selected RHE date range.

  Discussion

  This function calculates the esimated error in Pmax for the date range in +/- W. Read the Power-Duration Metrics e-book.

  Examples

  pmaxe(meanmax(power))

  Gives the estimated error calculating Pmax in +/- W.

  See Also

  pmax(meanmaxcurve)

  meanmax(pairs)

• sumsqr(meanmaxcurve)
  Gives the sum of squares error fitting meanmaxcurve to the power-duration model.

  Parameters

  meanmaxcurve

  Mean maximal power curve data, usually meanmax(power) or meanmax(power/weight).

  Return Value

  The sum of squares error, where a lower number indicates a better fit.

  Examples

  pmax(meanmax(power))

  Gives the sum of squares error for the selected date range.

  See Also

  pdcurve(meanmaxcurve)

• tte(meanmaxcurve)
  Get Time to Exhaustion in seconds.

  Parameters

  meanmaxcurve

  Mean maximal power curve data, usually meanmax(power).

  Return Value

  The athlete's Time to Exhaustion for the selected RHE date range.

  Discussion

  Gives the modeled Time to Exhaustion. Read the Power-Duration Metrics e-book.

  Examples

  pmax(meanmax(power))

  Gives the TTE for the selected date range.

  See Also

  tte(meanmaxcurve, lookback)

  meanmax(pairs)

• tte(meanmaxcurve, lookback)
  Get daily Time to Exhaustion in seconds.

  Parameters

  meanmaxcurve	Mean maximal power curve data, usually meanmax(power) or meanmax(power/weight).
  lookback	The number of backward looking days to include when calculating each daily Pmax.

  Return Value

  One daily TTE number for each date in the selected RHE date range.

  Discussion

  This function builds a meanmax curve for every date in the selected RHE date range, where each meanmax curve is comprised of the previous lookback days. Then from each daily meanmax curve it calculates the Pmax. Typical numbers to use for lookback are between 30 and 90; larger numbers are chosen to capture bests at the largest variety of durations, but smaller numbers are used to be more sensitive to detraining. Read the Power-Duration Metrics e-book.

  Examples

  pmax(meanmax(power))

  Gives daily Pmax.

  See Also

  tte(meanmaxcurve)

  meanmax(pairs)

• vo2max(meanmaxcurve)
  Get VO2max in L/min.

  Parameters

  meanmaxcurve

  Mean maximal power curve data, usually meanmax(power).

  Return Value

  The athlete's VO2max for the selected RHE date range.

  Discussion

  Gives the estimated VO2max for the selected date range.Read the Power-Duration Metrics e-book.

  Examples

  vo2max(meanmax(power))*1000/metric(weight)"mL/min/kg"

  Gives VO2max normalized for body weight in mL/min/kg.

  See Also

  vo2max(meanmaxcurve)

  meanmax(pairs)

• vo2max(meanmaxcurve, lookback)
  Get daily VO2max in L/min.

  Parameters

  meanmaxcurve	Mean maximal power curve data, usually meanmax(power).
  lookback	The number of backward looking days to include when calculating each daily vo2max.

  Return Value

  One daily VO2max number for each date in the selected RHE date range.

  Discussion

  This function builds a meanmax curve for every date in the selected RHE date range, where each meanmax curve is comprised of the previous lookback days. Then from each daily meanmax curve it calculates the vo2max. Typical numbers to use for lookback are between 30 and 90; larger numbers are chosen to capture bests at the largest variety of durations, but smaller numbers are used to be more sensitive to detraining. Read the Power-Duration Metrics e-book.

  Examples

  vo2max(meanmax(power),90)*1000/metric(weight)"mL/min/kg"

  Gives daily VO2max normalized for body weight in mL/min/kg.

  See Also

  vo2max(meanmaxcurve)

  meanmax(pairs)

• ceil(numbers)
  Calculate the ceiling of each value in numbers.

  Parameters

  numbers

  A single number, a set of numbers, or a numeric variable.

  Return Value

  The smallest integer greater than or equal to each value in numbers.

  Examples

  ceil(3)

  3

  ceil(3.1)

  4

  ceil({-3.3,0,-7.8, 5.9})

  {-3,0,-7,6}

  See Also

  floor(numbers)

  trunc(numbers)

• floor(numbers)
  Calculate the floor of each value in numbers.

  Parameters

  numbers

  A single number, a set of numbers, or a numeric variable.

  Return Value

  The largest integer less than or equal to each value in numbers.

  Examples

  floor(3)

  3

  floor(3.1)

  3

  floor({-3.3,0,-7.8, 5.9})

  {-4,0,-8,5}

  See Also

  ceil(numbers)

  trunc(numbers)

• frac(numbers)
  Get the fractional part of each value in numbers.

  Parameters

  numbers

  A single number, a set of numbers, or a numeric variable.

  Return Value

  The fractional part of a number with the integer portion removed.

  Examples

  frac(3)

  0

  frac(3.1)

  0.1

  frac({-3.3,0,-7.8, 5.9})

  {-0.3, 0, -0.8, 0.9}

  See Also

  round(numbers)

• round(numbers)
  Round each value in numbers to the nearest integer.

  Parameters

  numbers

  A single number, a set of numbers, or a numeric variable.

  Return Value

  The numbers rounded to the nearest integer.

  Examples

  round(3.1)

  4

  round(3.5)

  4

  round({-3.3,0,-7.8, 5.9})

  {-3, 0, -8, 6}

  See Also

  round(numbers, places)

• round(numbers, places)
  Round each value in numbers to the specified number of places.

  Parameters

  numbers	A single number, a set of numbers, or a numeric variable.
  places	Position to round, where negative is to the right of the decimal point.

  Return Value

  The numbers rounded to the specified number of places.

  Examples

  round(pi,-1)

  3.1

  round(pi,-3)

  3.142

  round(1234.567,2)

  1200

  See Also

  round(numbers)

• trunc(numbers)
  Truncate each value in numbers.

  Parameters

  numbers

  A single number, a set of numbers, or a numeric variable.

  Return Value

  The integral part of a number with any fractional digits removed

  Examples

  trunc(3)

  3

  trunc(3.1)

  3

  trunc({-3.3,0,-7.8, 5.9})

  {-3,0,-7,5}

  See Also

  ceil(numbers)

  floor(numbers)

• athleterange(fromdate, todate, expression)
  Evaluates expression using the date range given by fromdate through todate overriding the date selection in the RHE.

  Parameters

  fromdate	Starting date of the date range.
  todate	Ending date of the date range.
  expression	The expression to evaluate.

  Return Value

  The result of expression.

  Discussion

  At the athlete level, the athleterange function allows you to override the date range in the RHE. At the workout level you can use athleterange to evaluate athlete level expressions.

  Examples

  athleterange(date(2017,2,23), date(2017,3,17), avg(tss))

  The average TSS for the explicit date range, regardless of what's selected in the RHE.

  athleterange(today - 30, today, sum(distance))

  The total distance in the last 30 days.

  athleterange(date-89, date, ftp(meanmax(power)))

  At the workout level, gives the mFTP as of the current workout. At the athlete level, gives mFTP numbers as of each workouts in the current range.

  See Also

  workoutrange(fromtime, totime, expression)

• first(values, count)
  Returns the first count values in values.

  Parameters

  values	A single number, a set of numbers or strings, or a variable.
  count	The count of values to return.

  Return Value

  The count first values in values.

  Discussion

  The first function returns (X,Y) pairs if values contains (X,Y) pairs. When you graph an (X,Y) pair on a chart you get a single point, therefore you get a point for each of the first values found. If you include an (X,Y) pair in a report you'll see the value for X in the leftmost column.

  Examples

  first({5,7,3,2,4,9,8}, 3)

  {5, 7, 3}

  first({"Yankee","Bravo","Zulu","Alpha","Foxtrot"},3)

  {"Yankee", "Bravo", "Zulu"}

  See Also

  last(values, count)

• greatest(values, count)
  Returns the greatest count values in values.

  Parameters

  values	A single number, a set of numbers or strings, or a variable.
  count	The count of values to return.

  Return Value

  The count greatest values in values.

  Discussion

  The greatest function returns (X,Y) pairs if values contains (X,Y) pairs. When you graph an (X,Y) pair on a chart you get a single point, therefore you get a point for each of the greatest values found. If you include an (X,Y) pair in a report you'll see the value for X in the leftmost column.

  Examples

  greatest({5,7,3,2,4,9,8}, 3)

  {7, 9, 8}

  sortd(greatest(tss,5))

  Gives the 5 greatest TSS numbers sorted from greatest to least, along with the date of each TSS value.

  metric(60/greatest(meanmax((metric(elapseddistance),runspeed), 5.0), 3))

  Gives the 3 fastest 5K run pace in min/km, along with the date of each.

  See Also

  least(values, count)

  max(values)

• last(values, count)
  Returns the last count values in values.

  Parameters

  values	A single number, a set of numbers or strings, or a variable.
  count	The count of values to return.

  Return Value

  The count last values in values.

  Discussion

  The last function returns (X,Y) pairs if values contains (X,Y) pairs. When you graph an (X,Y) pair on a chart you get a single point, therefore you get a point for each of the last values found. If you include an (X,Y) pair in a report you'll see the value for X in the leftmost column.

  Examples

  first({5,7,3,2,4,9,8}, 3)

  {4, 9, 8}

  See Also

  first(values, count)

• least(values, count)
  Returns the least count values in values.

  Parameters

  values	A single number, a set of numbers or strings, or a variable.
  count	The count of values to return.

  Return Value

  The count least values in values.

  Discussion

  The least function returns (X,Y) pairs if values contains (X,Y) pairs. When you graph an (X,Y) pair on a chart you get a single point, therefore you get a point for each of the least values found. If you include an (X,Y) pair in a report you'll see the value for X in the leftmost column.

  Examples

  least({5,7,3,2,4,9,8}, 3)

  {3, 2, 4}

  See Also

  greatest(values, count)

  min(values)

• max(values)
  Returns the greatest values in values.

  Parameters

  values

  A single number, a set of numbers or strings, or a variable.

  Return Value

  The greatest values in values.

  Discussion

  The max function returns ( ,Y) with no X value. When you graph ( ,Y) on a chart you'll get a horizontal line.

  Examples

  max({5,7,3,2,4,9,8})

  9

  max(tss)

  Gives the maximum TSS number as a horizontal line.

  max(power)

  Gives the maximum power number as a horizontal line.

  See Also

  min(values)

  greatest(values, count)

• max(values, groupby)
  Returns the maximum values in values grouped by groupby.

  Parameters

  values	A single number, a set of numbers or strings, or a variable.
  groupby	A grouping identifier for each value in values.

  Return Value

  The greatest values in values for each unique value in groupby.

  Discussion

  The max function will first organize values into groups where each value in groupby represents a group. Then it finds the maximum value in each group.

  Examples

  max(distance, dayofweek(date))

  The maximum distance for each day of the week.

  See Also

  max(values)

• min(values)
  Returns the least value in values.

  Parameters

  values

  A single number, a set of numbers or strings, or a variable.

  Return Value

  The least value in values.

  Discussion

  The min function returns ( ,Y) with no X value. When you graph ( ,Y) on a chart you'll get a horizontal line.

  Examples

  min({5,7,3,2,4,9,8})

  2

  min(heartrate)

  Gives the minimum heart rate number as a horizontal line.

  See Also

  max(values)

  least(values, count)

• min(values, groupby)
  Returns the minimum values in values grouped by groupby.

  Parameters

  values	A single number, a set of numbers or strings, or a variable.
  groupby	A grouping identifier for each value in values.

  Return Value

  The minimum values in values for each unique value in groupby.

  Discussion

  The min function will first organize values into groups where each value in groupby represents a group. Then it finds the minimum value in each group.

  Examples

  min(distance, dayofweek(date))

  The minimum distance for each day of the week.

  See Also

  min(values)

• workoutrange(fromtime, totime, expression)
  Evaluates expression using the time range given by fromtime through totime overriding the time selection in the RHE.

  Parameters

  fromtime	Starting time of the date range.
  totime	Ending time of the date range.
  expression	The expression to evaluate.

  Return Value

  The result of expression.

  Discussion

  The workoutrange function allows you to override the date range in the RHE.

  Examples

  workoutrange(begintime+duration/2,endtime,avg(power))

  Average power for second half of the range selected in the RHE.

  See Also

  athleterange(fromdate, todate, expression)

• ewma(numbers, factor)
  Smooths the numbers using Exponential Weighted Moving Average using the given smoothing factor.

  Parameters

  numbers	A set of numbers.
  factor	Smoothing factor.

  Return Value

  Smoothed numbers.

  Examples

  ewma(power,30)

  Gives smoothed power data.

  See Also

  tl(numbers, constant)

  filter(numbers, kernel, sides)

• filter(numbers, kernel, sides)
• gaussian(sigma, length)
• isef(factor, length)
• tl(numbers, constant)
  Calculates training load given TSS numbers and a decay constant.

  Parameters

  numbers	A set of numbers.
  constant	Decay constant.

  Return Value

  Training load data.

  Examples

  tl(tss,ctlconstant)

  Gives CTL.

  tl(tss,atlconstant)

  Gives ATL.

  See Also

  ewma(numbers, factor)

• cross(values, values)
  No longer used. You can use cartesian coordinate notation (X, Y) instead.

• delta(numbers)
  Gives the difference between each each number minus the previous number.

  Parameters

  numbers

  A list of numbers.

  Return Value

  A list of numbers.

  Examples

  delta({3,5,7,11,13})

  Gives the list {na,2,2,4,2}.

  sum(delta(frontgear>0))

  Gives the count of front gear changes.

  See Also

  meanmax(pairs, duration)

• noinvalid(numbers)
  Removes all occurrences of na in numbers.

  Parameters

  numbers

  A set of zero or more numbers.

  Return Value

  Returns numbers with na removed.

  Examples

  noinvalid({13,0,7,na,0,21})

  Returns {13,0,7,0,21}

  See Also

  nozero(numbers)

• nozero(numbers)
  Changes all occurrences of 0 in numbers to na.

  Parameters

  numbers

  A set of zero or more numbers.

  Return Value

  Returns numbers with zeros changed to na.

  Examples

  nozero({13,0,7,na,0,21})

  Returns {13,na,7,na,na,21}

  avg(nozero(cadence)))

  Gives average cadence not including zeros.

  See Also

  noinvalid(numbers)

• resample(values, newrate)
  Resamples time series data.

• rev(values)
  Reverses the order of values.

  Parameters

  values

  A set of zero or more values.

  Return Value

  Returns values in reverse order.

  Examples

  rev({3,5,7,9})

  Reverses {3,5,7,9} to be come {9,7,5,3}.

  See Also

  sort(values)

  sortd(values)

• shift(numbers, positions)
• sort(values)
  Sorts a list of values in ascending order.

  Parameters

  values

  A set of zero or more values.

  Return Value

  Returns sorted values.

  Examples

  sort({5,3,8,0,na,7,6,2,4,1})

  Gives {0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,--}.

  sort((power,cadence))

  Sorts the scatter graph of (power,cadence) in ascending order by cadence.

  See Also

  sortd(values)

  sortx(pairs)

  rev(values)

• sortd(values)
  Sorts a list of values in descending order.

  Parameters

  values

  A set of zero or more values.

  Return Value

  Returns sorted values.

  Examples

  sortd(greatest(tss,5))

  Gives the 5 greatest TSS numbers sorted from greatest to least.

  See Also

  sortd(values)

  rev(values)

• sortx(pairs)
  Sorts a list of pairs in ascending order of X.

  Parameters

  pairs

  A set of zero or more pairs.

  Return Value

  Returns sorted pairs.

  Examples

  sortx((power,cadence))

  Sorts the scatter graph of (power,cadence) in ascending order by power.

  See Also

  sort(values)

  sortxd(pairs)

• sortxd(pairs)
  Sorts a list of pairs in descending order of X.

  Parameters

  pairs

  A set of zero or more pairs.

  Return Value

  Returns sorted values.

  Examples

  sortxd(greatest(tss,5))

  Gives the 5 greatest TSS numbers sorted from greatest to least.

  See Also

  sort(values)

  sortx(pairs)

• string(values)
  Converts number values to string values.

  Parameters

  values

  A list of numbers.

  Return Value

  A list of strings.

  Discussion

  If you use the + operator to add numbers you get the result of adding the two, such as adding 2 + 3 you get 5. If you want to concatenate two or more values, then you need to convert them to strings first. For example, if you want to take 39 + 23 and get 3923 you first need to convert 39 and 23 to strings.

  Examples

  sort(unique(string(frontgear)+"x"+string(reargear)))

  Lists all the gear combinations (in the format 39x23) used in the currently selected workout or workout range, assuming the workout has frontgear and reargear shifting channels in it.

  See Also

  frontgear

  reargear

• unique(values)
  Gives only the unique values from a list.

  Parameters

  values

  A list of strings or numbers.

  Return Value

  A list of values with duplicates removed.

  Examples

  sort(unique(tags))

  Lists all the tags used in the currently selected workout or workout range.

  See Also

  sort(values)

• xx(pairs)
  Takes a set of (X,Y) values and copies X to Y to become (X,X).

  Parameters

  pairs

  A set of X,Y pairs.

  Return Value

  Returns (X,Y) pairs as (X,X).

  Examples

  xx((37,52))

  Takes the point (37,52) and changes it to (37,37).

  meanmax((power)*xx((meanmax((power))/1000

  Gives work expended at each point on a mean maximal power curve, where kJ = watts * seconds / 1000.

  See Also

  yx(pairs)

• yx(pairs)
  Takes a set of X,Y vales and exchanges X and Y to be come Y,X.

  Parameters

  pairs

  A set of X,Y pairs.

  Return Value

  Returns (X,Y) pairs as (Y,X).

  Examples

  yx((37,52))

  Takes the point (37,52) and changes it to (52,37).

  yx(meanmax(power))

  Gives mean maximal power with power on the X axis and duration on the Y axis.

  See Also

  xx(pairs)

• avg(numbers)
  Calculates the average of the numbers in numbers by taking their sum and dividing by their count.

  Parameters

  numbers

  A single number, a set of numbers, or a numeric variable.

  Return Value

  The average of the values in numbers.

  Examples

  avg({3, 6, 9, 12})

  10

  avg(power)

  The average of each value in power. In other words, average power.

• bin(values, binsize)
  Creates a histogram by placing values into specified bins and accumulating duration for each value.

  Parameters

  values	The values to place into bins.
  binsize	The size of all bins.

  Return Value

  A set of values representing the duration in each bin.

  Discussion

  Each bin is uniform in size as specified.

  Examples

  bin(cadence, 10)

  Places cadence in bins of 10 rpm each.

  See Also

  bin(values, binvalues)

  bin(values, levelsname)

• bin(values, binvalues)
  Creates a histogram by placing values into specified bins and accumulating duration for each value.

  Parameters

  values	The values to place into bins.
  binvalues	A set of values representing cut points for the bins.

  Return Value

  A set of values representing the duration in each bin.

  Discussion

  Each bin contains the durations for values up to but not equal the value specified. There will be one bin for each value in binvalues plus one bin. For example, if binvalues is {100, 200, 300} then values will be placed into 4 bins as follows: less than 100, 100 to less than 200, 200 to less than 300, and 300 up.

  Examples

  bin(cadence, {85,95})

  Creates 3 cadence bins: below 85, 85 up to 95, and 95 and above.

  bin(power, {162, 184, 206, 228})

  Bins power using a set of wattage numbers.

  bin(power, {0.81, 0.92, 1.03, 1.14} * sftp)

  Bins power using a set of percentages of sFTP.

  sum(bin(heartrate, {0.82/3, 0.82*2/3, 0.82, (0.82+0.89)/2, 0.89, 0.94, 1.00, 1.03, 1.06} * thr) / 3600 * {20, 30, 40, 50, 60, 70, 80, 100, 120, 140})"hrTSS"

  Calculates hrTSS using Friel bike heart rate levels.

  See Also

  bin(values, binsize)

  bin(values, levelsname)

• bin(values, levelsname)
  Creates a histogram by placing values into specified bins and accumulating duration for each value.

  Parameters

  values	The values to place into bins.
  levelsname	The name of a training levels system.

  Return Value

  A set of values representing the duration in each bin.

  Discussion

  The bins are determined by training levels. When deciding into which level a value should be placed, WKO4 checks to see if the value is >= the "from", and < the "to". Thus, if one level is 110.0 to 131.0 and the next level is 131.0 to 144.0, then the value 131.0 will be placed into the second level, not the first.

  Power levels:

  • "cogganoptimized"
  • "cogganclassic"

  Heart Rate Levels:

  • "cogganhr"
  • "frielhr"
  • "usachr"
  • "bcfhr"

  Running Pace Levels:

  • "frielpace"
  • "pzipace"

  Examples

  bin(power, "cogganoptimized")

  Places power in iLevel bins.

  See Also

  bin(values, binvalues)

  bin(values, binsize)

  levelfrom(levelsname, index)

  levelto(levelsname, index)

  levelname(levelsname, index)

• count(values)
  Counts the valid non-zero values in numbers.

  Parameters

  numbers

  A single number, a set of numbers, or a numeric variable.

  Return Value

  The count of the values in numbers.

  Examples

  count({3, 6, 0, 9, na, 12})

  4

  count(heartrate)

  The count of non-zero heart rate values.

• count(values, groupby)
  Counts the values in numbers, grouped by period.

  Parameters

  numbers	A single number, a set of numbers, or a numeric variable.
  period	A period identified by "day", "week", "month" or "year".

  Return Value

  Count of values grouped by groupby.

  Examples

  count(tss, "month")

  The monthly count of tss values.

• cumsum(numbers)
  Gives the cumulative totals of the addition of all the values in the set of numbers.

  Parameters

  numbers

  A set of numbers.

  Return Value

  The sum of numbers.

  Examples

  cumsum({1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10})

  Gives the set {1,3,6,10,15,21,28,36,45,55}.

  cumsum(deltadistance)

  Gives cumulative distance, same as the variable elapseddistance.

  cumsum(power * deltatime) / 1000

  Gives cumulative work in kJ.

  cumsum(if(_elevation-shift(_elevation,1)>0,_elevation-shift(_elevation,1)))

  Gives cumulative climbing.

  See Also

  sum(numbers)

• length(values)
  Gives the count of all values in numbers including zeroes and invalid.

  Parameters

  numbers

  A single number, a set of numbers, or a numeric variable.

  Return Value

  The count of the values in numbers.

  Examples

  length({3, 6, 0, 9, na, 12})

  6

  heartrate[length(heartrate)-1]

  The last heart rate number, equivalent to heartrate[-1].

• li(pairs, numbers)
  Finds Y values for a given X value using linear interpolation if necessary.

  Parameters

  pairs	A set of X,Y pairs.
  numbers	A single number or set of numbers representing X values for which you wish to find the corresponding Y values.

  Return Value

  A set of Y values corresponding to the X values given in numbers.

  Discussion

  Linear interpolation can be helpful to find the exact or approximate Y value using the points nearest the specified X values.

  Examples

  li(elapseddistance, 0:10:00)

  At the workout level, gives the distance at 10 minutes.

  li(yx(metric(elapseddistance)),40.0)

  At the workout level, gives the elapsed duration at 40km.

  li(pdcurve(meanmax(power)),0:20:00)*0.92

  Gives 92% of the modeled 20 minute power.

  li(pdcurve(meanmax(power)),{60,360,1200})

  Gives modeled power at 1min, 5min, and 20min.

  li(yx(pdcurve(meanmax(power))),last(sftp,1)*1.2)

  Gives modeled duration at 120% of sftp.

• meanmax(pairs)
  Searches pairs for durations with maximum average, and creates a mean maximal curve.

  Parameters

  pairs

  A set of pairs, usualy having elapsedtime, elapseddistance, or date for the x value.

  Return Value

  A mean maximal curve, which is a set of pairs with duration as x and average as y.

  Discussion

  A mean maximal search finds continuous durations with the highest average.

  Examples

  meanmax(power)

  Mean maximal power curve

  meanmax(power/weight)

  Mean maximal power to weight curve.

  meanmax(tss)

  Mean maximal tss curve.

  meanmax(if(cumsum(bikepower*deltatime)/1000>1500,bikepower))

  Mean maximal power curve including power only after accumulating 1500kJ.

  See Also

  meanmax(pairs, duration)

• meanmax(pairs, duration)
  Calculates the absolute value of each number value in numbers.

  Parameters

  pairs	A set of pairs, usualy having elapsedtime, elapseddistance, or date for the x value.
  duration	One or more numbers specifying a specific duration to search for.

  Return Value

  The mean maximal for each duration specified.

  Examples

  meanmax(power, 0:20:00)

  Gives the best average power for a continuous 20 minute (1200 seconds) duration.

  60 / meanmax(speed, 600)

  Gives the best 10 minute (600 seconds) pace.

  meanmax(if(_elevation-shift(_elevation,1)>0,metric(_elevation-shift(_elevation,1))/deltatime*3600,0),300)

  Searches for the 5 minute period with the highest average VAM.

  metric(60/greatest(meanmax((metric(elapseddistance),runspeed), 5.0), 3))

  Gives the 3 fastest 5K run pace in min/km.

  See Also

  meanmax(pairs)

  meanmaxto(pairs, duration)

  meanmaxfrom(pairs, duration)

• meanmaxfrom(pairs, duration)
  Searches for the begin time offset for the mean maximal value.

  Parameters

  pairs	A set of pairs, usualy having elapsedtime, elapseddistance, or date for the x value.
  duration	One or more numbers specifying a specific duration to search for.

  Return Value

  The beginning elapsed time for the mean maximal for each duration specified.

  Examples

  meanmaxfrom(power, 0:20:00)

  Gives the start time of the 20 minute duration with the highest average power.

  See Also

  meanmax(pairs, duration)

  meanmaxto(pairs, duration)

• meanmaxgaps(pairs)
• meanmaxgaps(pairs, duration)
• meanmaxto(pairs, duration)
  Searches for the end time offset for the mean maximal value.

  Parameters

  pairs	A set of pairs, usualy having elapsedtime, elapseddistance, or date for the x value.
  duration	One or more numbers specifying a specific duration to search for.

  Return Value

  The ending elapsed time for the mean maximal for each duration specified.

  Examples

  meanmaxto(power, 0:20:00)

  Gives the end time of the 20 minute duration with the highest average power.

  See Also

  meanmax(pairs, duration)

  meanmaxfrom(pairs, duration)

• pstddev(numbers)
  Calculates the population standard deviation of numbers.

  Parameters

  numbers

  A set of numbers.

  Return Value

  The population standard deviation.

  Examples

  pstddev({1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10})

  Gives the number 2.8722813.

  pstddev(power)

  Gives the population standard deviation of power data.

  See Also

  stddev(numbers)

• pvariance
• recordingrate
  Gets the recording rate of time series data.

• slr(numbers)
  Calculates the simple linear regression for the values in numbers.

  Parameters

  numbers

  A single number, a set of numbers, or a numeric variable.

  Return Value

  The absolute value of each value in numbers.

  Examples

  slr(tss)

  The trend line for TSS.

  See Also

  slrb(numbers)

  slrm(numbers)

  slrrsq(numbers)

• slrb(numbers)
  Calculates the Y-intercept of the simple linear regression for the values in numbers.

  Parameters

  numbers

  A single number, a set of numbers, or a numeric variable.

  Return Value

  The Y-intercept of the simple linear regression

  Examples

  slrb(tss)

  The Y-intercept of the trend line for TSS.

  See Also

  slr(numbers)

  slrm(numbers)

  slrrsq(numbers)

• slrm(numbers)
  Calculates the slope of the simple linear regression for the values in numbers.

  Parameters

  numbers

  A single number, a set of numbers, or a numeric variable.

  Return Value

  The slope of the simple linear regression.

  Examples

  slrm(power)

  The slope of the power trend.

  See Also

  slr(numbers)

  slrb(numbers)

  slrrsq(numbers)

• slrrsq(numbers)
  Calculates the R² value for the simple linear regression. R² is a measure of how close the data are to the fitted regression line.

  Parameters

  numbers

  A single number, a set of numbers, or a numeric variable.

  Return Value

  The R² of the simple linear regression.

  Examples

  slrrsq(power)

  The R² of the line that best fits power data.

  See Also

  slr(numbers)

  slrb(numbers)

  slrm(numbers)

• stddev(numbers)
  Calculates the sample standard deviation of numbers.

  Parameters

  numbers

  A set of numbers.

  Return Value

  The sample standard deviation.

  Examples

  stddev({1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10})

  Gives the number 3.0276504.

  stddev(if(power>sftp,power))

  Gives the sample standard deviation of power above sFTP.

  See Also

  pstddev(numbers)

• sum(numbers)
  Gives the total of the addition of all the values in the set of numbers.

  Parameters

  numbers

  A set of numbers.

  Return Value

  The sum of numbers.

  Examples

  sum({1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10})

  Gives the number 55.

  sum(power * deltatime) / 1000

  Gives work in kJ, same as the variable work.

  See Also

  cumsum(numbers)

  sum(numbers, groupby)

• sum(numbers, groupby)
  Gives the total of the addition of all the values in the set of numbers, grouped by groupby.

  Parameters

  numbers	A set of numbers.
  period	A period identified by "day", "week", "month" or "year".

  Return Value

  Count of values grouped by groupby.

  Examples

  sum(tss, "week")

  The weekly sum of tss values.

  See Also

  sum(numbers)

• variance

• levelcount(levelsname)
• levelfrom(levelsname, index)
  Gives the low limit of a training level.

  Parameters

  levelsname	The name of a training levels system.
  index	The index of the level.

  Return Value

  The low limit of a training level.

  Discussion

  The first level in any system begins with index 0. The levels you can use for the levelsname parameter are as follows.

  Power levels:

  • "cogganoptimized"
  • "cogganclassic"

  Heart Rate Levels:

  • "cogganhr"
  • "frielhr"
  • "usachr"
  • "bcfhr"

  Running Pace Levels:

  • "frielpace"
  • "pzipace"

  Examples

  levelfrom("cogganclassic",1)

  Gives the lower limit of the second Coggan Classic Power level, the value of which depends on your thr.

  See Also

  levelname(levelsname, index)

  levelto(levelsname, index)

• levelname(levelsname, index)
  Gives the name of a training level.

  Parameters

  levelsname	The name of a training levels system.
  index	The index of the level.

  Return Value

  The name of a specific training level within the traning levels system.

  Discussion

  The first level in any system begins with index 0. The levels you can use for the levelsname parameter are as follows.

  Power levels:

  • "cogganoptimized"
  • "cogganclassic"

  Heart Rate Levels:

  • "cogganhr"
  • "frielhr"
  • "usachr"
  • "bcfhr"

  Running Pace Levels:

  • "frielpace"
  • "pzipace"

  Examples

  levelname("cogganclassic",1)

  Gives the name of the second Coggan Classic Power level, which is "Endurance".

  See Also

  levelfrom(levelsname, index)

  levelto(levelsname, index)

• levelto(levelsname, index)
  Gives the high limit of a training level.

  Parameters

  levelsname	The name of a training levels system.
  index	The index of the level.

  Return Value

  The high limit of a training level.

  Discussion

  The first level in any system begins with index 0. The levels you can use for the levelsname parameter are as follows.

  Power levels:

  • "cogganoptimized"
  • "cogganclassic"

  Heart Rate Levels:

  • "cogganhr"
  • "frielhr"
  • "usachr"
  • "bcfhr"

  Running Pace Levels:

  • "frielpace"
  • "pzipace"

  Examples

  levelto("cogganclassic",0)

  Gives the upper limit of the first Coggan Classic Power level, the value of which depends on your thr.

  See Also

  levelfrom(levelsname, index)

  levelname(levelsname, index)

• targetduration(levelindex, meanmaxcurve)
  Gives the target duration for a given level.

  Parameters

  levelindex	The index of the level, a number between 0 and 5.
  meanmaxcurve	Mean maximal power curve data, usually meanmax(power).

  Return Value

  Target duratin for the level.

  Discussion

  The first level begins with levelindex 0.

  0	Extensive Aerobic (FTP)
  1	Intenisve Aerobic (FTP)
  2	Max Aerobic (VO2 Max Intensive)
  3	Extensive Anaerobic (FRC)
  4	Intensive Anaerobic (FRC)
  5	Max

  Examples

  targetduration(3,meanmax(power))

  Gives the target duration for level 3, Extensive Anaerobic (FRC).

  See Also

  targetname(levelindex)

  targetpower(levelindex, meanmaxcurve)

• targetname(levelindex)
  Gives the name of a target level.

  Parameters

  levelindex

  The index of the level, a number between 0 and 5.

  Return Value

  The name of the specified level.

  Discussion

  The first level begins with levelindex 0.

  0	Extensive Aerobic (FTP)
  1	Intenisve Aerobic (FTP)
  2	Max Aerobic (VO2 Max Intensive)
  3	Extensive Anaerobic (FRC)
  4	Intensive Anaerobic (FRC)
  5	Max

  Examples

  targetname(4)

  Gives the name for level 4, Intensive Anaerobic (FRC).

  See Also

  targetpower(levelindex, meanmaxcurve)

  targetduration(levelindex, meanmaxcurve)

• targetpower(levelindex, meanmaxcurve)
  Gives the target power for a given level.

  Parameters

  levelindex	The index of the level, a number between 0 and 5.
  meanmaxcurve	Mean maximal power curve data, usually meanmax(power).

  Return Value

  Target power for the level.

  Discussion

  The first level begins with levelindex 0.

  0	Extensive Aerobic (FTP)
  1	Intenisve Aerobic (FTP)
  2	Max Aerobic (VO2 Max Intensive)
  3	Extensive Anaerobic (FRC)
  4	Intensive Anaerobic (FRC)
  5	Max

  Examples

  targetpower(3,meanmax(power))

  Gives the target power for level 3, Extensive Anaerobic (FRC).

  See Also

  targetname(levelindex)

  targetduration(levelindex, meanmaxcurve)

• acos(value)
• acosh(value)
• asin(value)
• asinh(value)
• atan(value)
• atan2(xvalue, yvalue)
• atanh(value)
• cos(radians)
• cosh(value)
• cot(radians)
• csc(radians)
• deg2grad(degrees)
• deg2rad(degrees)
• grad2deg(gradians)
• rad2deg(radians)
• sec(radians)
• sin(radians)
• sinh(value)
• tan(radians)
• tanh(value)

• english(numbers)
  Converts numbers to the English units system.

  Parameters

  numbers

  A set of numbers.

  Return Value

  Converted numbers.

  Discussion

  If the units of numbers is one of the following, the value is converted to its English equivalent. Otherwise no conversion is applied.

  km	mi
  min/km	min/mi
  m	ft
  kg	lb
  N	lbf
  km/h	mi/h
  °C	°F
  cm	in

  Examples

  english(temperature)

  If the default units system is metric, converts the temperature data channel from °C to °F.

  See Also

  metric(numbers)

• metric(numbers)
  Converts numbers to the metric units system.

  Parameters

  numbers

  A set of numbers.

  Return Value

  Converted numbers.

  Discussion

  If the units of numbers is one of the following, the value is converted to its metric equivalent. Otherwise no conversion is applied.

  mi	km
  min/mi	min/km
  ft	m
  lb	kg
  lbf	N
  mi/h	km/h
  °F	°C
  in	cm

  Examples

  metric(distance)

  If the default units system is English, converts the workout distance data channel from mi to km.

  See Also

  english(numbers)

• abs(numbers)
• acos(value)
• acosh(value)
• add(lhs, rhs)
• asin(value)
• asinh(value)
• atan(value)
• atan2(xvalue, yvalue)
• atanh(value)
• athleterange(fromdate, todate, expression)
• avg(numbers)
• bin(values, binsize)
• bin(values, binvalues)
• bin(values, levelsname)
• ceil(numbers)
• cos(radians)
• cosh(value)
• cot(radians)
• count(values)
• count(values, groupby)
• cross(values, values)
• csc(radians)
• cumsum(numbers)
• date(value)
• date(year, month, day)
• day(datevalues)
• dayofweek(date)
• deg2grad(degrees)
• deg2rad(degrees)
• delta(numbers)
• divide(lhs, rhs)
• english(numbers)
• ewma(numbers, factor)
• fibertype(meanmaxcurve)
• fibertype(meanmaxcurve, lookback)
• filter(numbers, kernel, sides)
• first(values, count)
• floor(numbers)
• formatdate(datevalues, format)
• frac(numbers)
• frc(meanmaxcurve)
• frc(meanmaxcurve, lookback)
• frccurve(meanmaxcurve)
• frce(meanmaxcurve)
• ftp(meanmaxcurve)
• ftp(meanmaxcurve, lookback)
• ftpcurve(meanmaxcurve)
• ftpe(meanmaxcurve)
• gaussian(sigma, length)
• grad2deg(gradians)
• greatest(values, count)
• has(string, substring)
• hastag(string)
• if(condition, truevalue)
• if(condition, truevalue, falsevalue)
• isef(factor, length)
• isvalid(numbers)
• last(values, count)
• least(values, count)
• length(values)
• levelcount(levelsname)
• levelfrom(levelsname, index)
• levelname(levelsname, index)
• levelto(levelsname, index)
• li(pairs, numbers)
• ln(numbers)
• log(numbers, base)
• log10(numbers)
• logicaland(lhs, rhs)
• logicalor(lhs, rhs)
• max(values)
• max(values, groupby)
• meanmax(pairs)
• meanmax(pairs, duration)
• meanmaxfrom(pairs, duration)
• meanmaxgaps(pairs)
• meanmaxgaps(pairs, duration)
• meanmaxto(pairs, duration)
• metric(numbers)
• min(values)
• min(values, groupby)
• month(datevalues)
• monthval(datevalues)
• multiply(lhs, rhs)
• noinvalid(numbers)
• nozero(numbers)
• pdcurve(meanmaxcurve)
• pdcurve(standardindex, gender)
• pdprofile(meanmaxcurve)
• phenotype(meanmaxcurve)
• pmax(meanmaxcurve)
• pmax(meanmaxcurve, lookback)
• pmaxe(meanmaxcurve)
• power(lhs, rhs)
• pstddev(numbers)
• pvariance
• rad2deg(radians)
• recordingrate
• resample(values, newrate)
• rev(values)
• round(numbers)
• round(numbers, places)
• sec(radians)
• shift(numbers, positions)
• sign(numbers)
• sin(radians)
• sinh(value)
• slr(numbers)
• slrb(numbers)
• slrm(numbers)
• slrrsq(numbers)
• sort(values)
• sortd(values)
• sortx(pairs)
• sortxd(pairs)
• sqrt(numbers)
• startofmonth(datevalues)
• startofweek(datevalues)
• startofyear(datevalues)
• stddev(numbers)
• string(values)
• subtract(lhs, rhs)
• sum(numbers)
• sum(numbers, groupby)
• sumsqr(meanmaxcurve)
• tan(radians)
• tanh(value)
• targetduration(levelindex, meanmaxcurve)
• targetname(levelindex)
• targetpower(levelindex, meanmaxcurve)
• tl(numbers, constant)
• trunc(numbers)
• tte(meanmaxcurve)
• tte(meanmaxcurve, lookback)
• unique(values)
• variance
• vo2max(meanmaxcurve)
• vo2max(meanmaxcurve, lookback)
• week(datevalues)
• weekval(datevalues)
• workoutrange(fromtime, totime, expression)
• xx(pairs)
• year(datevalues)
• yearval(datevalues)
• yx(pairs)

• aepf
  Average Effective Pedal Force

  Discussion

  Average Effective Pedal Force (AEPF) is a calculation that estimates the force applied to the pedal for one complete revolution, often used in Quadrant Analysis charts. The aepf variable is a list of numbers corresponding to force applied to the pedal in Newtons (N).

  Required Data Channels

  cadence

  power

• cpv
  Circumferential Pedal Velocity

  Discussion

  Circumferential Pedal Velocity is a calculation that corresopnds to how fast the pedal moves around the circle it makes while pedaling and is often used in Quadrant Analysis charts. The cpv variable is a list of numbers corresponding pedal velocity in meters per second (m/s).

  Required Data Channels

  cadence

• deltadistance
  Change in elapsed distance

  Discussion

  The deltadistance variable is a list of numbers corresponding to the distance travelled between data records. It is a convenient equivalent to delta(elapseddistance) and also to shift(elapseddistance,1)-elapseddistance.

  Required Data Channels

  elapseddistance

  See Also

  delta(numbers)

  shift(numbers, positions)

• deltatime
  Change in elapsed time

  Discussion

  The deltatime variable is a list of numbers corresponding to the time elapsed between data records. It is a convenient equivalent to delta(elapsedtime) and also to shift(elapsedtime,1)-elapsedtime.

  Required Data Channels

  elapsedtime

  See Also

  delta(numbers)

  shift(numbers, positions)

• ecpower
  Elevation corrected power

  Discussion

  The ecpower data channel is an alternative to power which elevation to normalize data collected at higher elevations to sea-level equivalent. Please read the article on elevation corrected power for more information how to use it.

  Required Data Channels

  elevation

  power

• gpaleft
  Left side gross power absorbed

  Discussion

  The gpaleft variable corresponds to the left side power in a pedal stroke that does NOT contribute to moving the bicycle forward. This data is available only for power meters that measure and record requires ANT+ pedaling metrics.

  Required Data Channels

  balance

  effectivenessleft

  power

  See Also

  gparight

  gprleft

  gprright

• gparight
  Right side gross power absorbed

  Discussion

  The gparight variable corresponds to the right side power in a pedal stroke that does NOT contribute to moving the bicycle forward. This data is available only for power meters that measure and record requires ANT+ pedaling metrics.

  Required Data Channels

  balance

  effectivenessright

  power

  See Also

  gpaleft

  gprleft

  gprright

• gprleft
  Left side gross power released

  Discussion

  The gparight variable corresponds to the left side power that contributes to moving the bicycle forward. This data is available only for power meters that measure and record requires ANT+ pedaling metrics.

  Required Data Channels

  balance

  effectivenessleft

  power

  See Also

  gprright

  gpaleft

  gparight

• gprright
  Left side gross power released

  Discussion

  The gparight variable corresponds to the right side power that contributes to moving the bicycle forward. This data is available only for power meters that measure and record requires ANT+ pedaling metrics.

  Required Data Channels

  balance

  effectivenessleft

  power

  See Also

  gprright

  gpaleft

  gparight

• kileft
  Left side kurtotic index.

  Discussion

  Kurtotic index is the ratio of the maximum effective pedal force to the average effective pedal force during the power-producing phase of the pedal stroke. Requires ANT+ pedaling metrics.

  Required Data Channels

  effectivenessleft

  smoothnessleft

• kiright
  Right side kurtotic index.

  Discussion

  Kurtotic index is the ratio of the maximum effective pedal force to the average effective pedal force during the power-producing phase of the pedal stroke. Requires ANT+ pedaling metrics.

  Required Data Channels

  effectivenessright

  smoothnessright

• mepfleft
  Left side maximum effective pedal force

  Discussion

  Maximum effective pedal force is the maximum pedaling force applied to the pedal that causes the crank to turn around a complete revolution and contributes to effectively moving the bike forward. Requires ANT+ pedaling metrics.

  Required Data Channels

  balance

  cadence

  power

  smoothnessleft

• mepfright
  Right side maximum effective pedal force

  Discussion

  Maximum effective pedal force is the maximum pedaling force applied to the pedal that causes the crank to turn around a complete revolution and contributes to effectively moving the bike forward. Requires ANT+ pedaling metrics.

  Required Data Channels

  balance

  cadence

  power

  smoothnessright

• rgrade
  Rolling grade

  Discussion

  Rolling grade is a list of numbers corresponds to the grade for each data record, as opposed to grade which is a single number corresponding to the average grade over a range. Rolling grade is calculated after some smoothing is applied to elevation to minimize obvious noise and measurement errors. The definition of grade is found on Wikipedia and other similar web resources.

  Required Data Channels

  elapseddistance

  elevation

• rngp
  Rolling normalized graded pace

  Discussion

  Rolling normalized graded pace is a list of numbers corresponding to normalized graded pace for each data record. It estimates the pace that is equivalent to running on flat ground. By normalizing pace to flat ground you can compare efforts on different courses having different elevation profiles.

  Required Data Channels

  elevation

  speed

  See Also

  ngp

• stamina
  Discussion

  Stamina is a measure of resistance to fatigue during prolonged-duration. Units are percent of maximum, i.e., 0-100%, although most individuals will fall in the 75 to 85 percent range.

  Required Data Channels

  power

  Examples

  stamina

  Gives a stamina number based on workouts in the selected date range.

  ({begindate:enddate},athleterange({begindate:enddate}-89,{begindate:enddate},stamina))

  Gives historical daily stamina numbers based on trailing 90 days.

• age
  Athlete age.

  Discussion

  The age variable corresponds to the athlete's age calculated using today's date and the athlete's birth date set on the Athlete Details tab.

• atl
  Acute Training Load

  Discussion

  ATL is an exponentially weighted rolling average that corresponds to your recent or short-term training load based on atlconstant days. This variable is a shortcut for the expression tl(tss,atlconstant).

  See Also

  ctl

  tsb

  ramprate

• atlconstant
  Acute Training Load (ATL) constant

  Discussion

  The ATL constant is an exponential decay rate use calculate to acute (recent) training load. You can change the atlconstant variable by double-clicking ATL in the athlete bar at the top of the WKO4 main window. The default is 7 days.

  Examples

  tl(tss,atlconstant)

  Gives acute training load (ATL) based on the atlconstant for the current athlete.

  See Also

  ctlconstant

  tl(numbers, constant)

• cranklength
  Crank arm length

  Discussion

  This variable is likely to be replaced in the future. It is recommended to avoid using it.

• ctl
  Chronic Training Load

  Discussion

  ATL is an exponentially weighted rolling average that corresponds to your longer-term training load based on ctlconstant days. This variable is a shortcut for the expression tl(tss,ctlconstant).

  See Also

  atl

  tsb

  ramprate

• ctlconstant
  Chronic Training Load (CTL) constant

  Discussion

  The CTL constant is an exponential decay rate use calculate to chronic (historical) training load. You can change the ctlconstant variable by double-clicking CTL in the athlete bar at the top of the WKO4 main window. The default is 42 days.

  Examples

  tl(tss,ctlconstant)

  Gives acute training load (CTL) based on the ctlconstant for the current athlete.

  See Also

  atlconstant

  tl(numbers, constant)

• gender
  Athlete gender

  Discussion

  The gender variable corresponds to the athlete's gender as entered on the Athlete Details tab. Possible values are either "male" or "female".

  Examples

  pdcurve("excellent", gender)

  Gives a power-duration curve standard line for "excellent" athletes based on the gender selected on the Athlete Details tab.

• mhr
  Historical maximum heart rate

  Discussion

  At the athlete level, mhr corresponds list of daily numbers corresponding to historical maximum heart rate. At the workout level, mhr gives the maximum heart rate as of the day of the workout. You can enter changes to maximum heart rate based on date using the Athlete Details tab.

  Examples

  bin(heartrate, {0.7, 0.8, 0.9} * mhr)

  At the athlete level, bins heart rate into 4 levels based on zones calcualated using a percentage of historical maximum heart rate values.

• rampconstant
  Number of days used to calculate ramp rate

  Discussion

  The rampconstant is a number of days used to calculate ramp rate, usually 7, 14, or 21. The ramp rate tells how quickly you are changing volume of training. The default is 21 days, meaning that ramprate gives the change in Chronic Training Load over a 3 week period.

  Examples

  (tl(tss,ctlconstant)-shift(tl(tss,ctlconstant),rampconstant))/(rampconstant/7)

  Calculates the weekly CTL ramp rate based on change over rampconstant days.

  See Also

  ramprate

• ramprate
  Ramp Rate

  Discussion

  Ramp Rate is the rate at which (Chronic Training Load) (CTL) is rising or declining normalized per week.

  See Also

  atl

  ctl

  tsb

• sftp
  Historical functional threshold power (FTP) setting

  Discussion

  At the athlete level, sftp corresponds list of daily numbers corresponding to historical FTP setting. At the workout level, sftp gives the FTP setting as of the day of the workout. You can enter changes to the FTP setting based on date using the Athlete Details tab.

  Examples

  bin(power, {0.7, 0.8, 0.9, 1.0, 1.1} * sftp)

  At the athlete level, bins power into 6 levels based on zones calcualated using a percentage of historical FTP values.

• tcadence
  Historical threshold cadence

  Discussion

  At the athlete level, tcadence corresponds list of daily numbers corresponding to historical maximum heart rate. At the workout level, tcadence gives the maximum heart rate as of the day of the workout. You can enter changes to maximum heart rate based on date using the Athlete Details tab.

  Examples

  bin(heartrate, {0.7, 0.8, 0.9} * mhr)

  At the athlete level, bins heart rate into 4 levels based on zones calcualated using a percentage of historical maximum heart rate values.

• thr
  Historical threshold heart rate

  Discussion

  At the athlete level, mhr corresponds list of daily numbers corresponding to historical threshold heart rate. At the workout level, mhr gives the threshold heart rate as of the day of the workout. You can enter changes to threshold heart rate based on date using the Athlete Details tab.

  Examples

  bin(heartrate, {0.7, 0.8, 0.9, 1.0, 1.1} * thr)

  At the athlete level, bins heart rate into 6 levels based on zones calcualated using a percentage of historical threshold heart rate values.

• tpace
  Historical threshold run pace

  Discussion

  At the athlete level, tpace corresponds list of daily numbers corresponding to historical threshold pace. At the workout level, tpace gives the threshold run pace as of the day of the workout. You can enter changes to threshold run pace based on date using the Athlete Details tab.

  Examples

  bin(heartrate, {0.7, 0.8, 0.9, 1.0, 1.1} * tpace)

  At the athlete level, bins pace into 6 levels based on zones calcualated using a percentage of historical threshold run pace values.

• tsb
  Training Stress Balance

  Discussion

  TSB is the difference between CTL and ATL shifted one day into the future, giving insight into an athlete's readiness to perform at peak. This variable is a shortcut for the expression tl(tss,ctlconstant) - tl(tss,ctlconstant).

  See Also

  atl

  ctl

  ramprate

• tswimpace
  Historical threshold swim pace

  Discussion

  At the athlete level, tswimpace corresponds list of daily numbers corresponding to threshold swim pace. At the workout level, tswimpace gives the threshold swim pace as of the day of the workout. You can enter changes to threshold swim pace based on date using the Athlete Details tab.

• weight
  Historical body weight

  Discussion

  At the athlete level, mhr corresponds list of daily numbers corresponding to historical maximum heart rate. At the workout level, mhr gives the maximum heart rate as of the day of the workout. You can enter changes to maximum heart rate based on date using the Athlete Details tab.

  Examples

  max(power/weight)

  Gives the maximum power to weight ratio, based on historical weight settings.

Channel variables can be prefixed with bike, run, swim, row, ski, other to make them specific to a sport type.

• _elevation
  Smoothed elevation values.

  Units

  In metric elevation is given in meters, and in English it's given in feet.

• balance
  Power balance

  Discussion

  Balance is the ratio of right leg contribution to power as a number between 0 and 1 as measured/recorded by a device.

• cadence
  Discussion

  Cadence is the number of complete cycles per minute as measured/recorded by a device. In cycling it is the number of 360 degree revolutions of the pedals. In running it is the number of left and right footfals (two steps) per minute.

• effectivenessleft
  Torque effectiveness left side

  Discussion

  This is a Garmin pedaling metric as measured/recorded by a device. It is only available if both your power meter and recording device supports it.

• effectivenessright
  Torque effectiveness right side

  Discussion

  This is a Garmin pedaling metric as measured/recorded by a device. It is only available if both your power meter and recording device supports it.

• elapseddistance
  Elapsed Distance

  Discussion

  This is a data channel giving the cumulative distance covered starting with zero, as measured/recorded by a device.

• elapsedtime
  A data channel (a set of numbers) that lists the cumulative duration for each data record. The expression max(elapsedtime) should return the same number as the expression elapsedduration

• elevation
  Elevation values as recorded by a device.

  Units

  In metric elevation is given in meters, and in English it's given in feet.

• frontgear
  Gives the number of teeth on the front chainring selected.

  Discussion

  The front gear selection is given by the number of teeth on the chainring.

  See Also

  reargear

• heartrate
  Heart Rate

  Discussion

  This is the heart rate data channel giving the number of beats per minute as measured/recorded by a device.

• hrv
  Heart Rate Variability

  Discussion

  This is a data channel giving the elapsed time between heart beats as measured/recorded by a device.

• latitude
  Latitude

  Discussion

  This is the degrees latitude data channel as measured/recorded by a device.

• leftpco
  Discussion

  Left side platform center offset as measured/recorded by a device. Requires a device that supports Garmin Cycling Dynamics.

• leftppend
  Discussion

  Left side power phase end angle as measured/recorded by a device. Requires a device that supports Garmin Cycling Dynamics.

• leftpppend
  Discussion

  Left side power phase peak start angle as measured/recorded by a device. Requires a device that supports Garmin Cycling Dynamics.

• leftpppstart
  Discussion

  Left side power phase peak start angle as measured/recorded by a device. Requires a device that supports Garmin Cycling Dynamics.

• leftppstart
  Discussion

  Left side power phase start angle as measured/recorded by a device. Requires a device that supports Garmin Cycling Dynamics.

• longitude
  Longitude

  Discussion

  This is the degrees longitude data channel as measured/recorded by a device.

• power
  Cycling or Running Power

  Discussion

  This is the power data channel as measured/recorded by a device.

• reargear
  Gives the number of teeth on the rear cog selected.

  Discussion

  The rear gear selection is given by the number of teeth on the rear cog.

  See Also

  frontgear

• riderposition
  Rider Position

  Discussion

  This is the rider position, either "standing" or "seated", as measured/recorded by a device that supports Garmin Cycling Dynamics.

• rightpco
  Discussion

  Right side platform center offset as measured/recorded by a device. Requires a device that supports Garmin Cycling Dynamics.

• rightppend
  Discussion

  Right side power phase end angle as measured/recorded by a device. Requires a device that supports Garmin Cycling Dynamics.

• rightpppend
  Discussion

  Right side power phase peak start angle as measured/recorded by a device. Requires a device that supports Garmin Cycling Dynamics.

• rightpppstart
  Discussion

  Right side power phase peak start angle as measured/recorded by a device. Requires a device that supports Garmin Cycling Dynamics.

• rightppstart
  Discussion

  Right side power phase start angle as measured/recorded by a device. Requires a device that supports Garmin Cycling Dynamics.

• runsmoothness
  Running Smoothness

  Discussion

  Running smoothness data channel as measured/recorded by a device.

• sathb
  Discussion

  Saturation of O₂ as a percent as measured/recorded by a device.

• smoothness
  Pedaling Smoothness

  Discussion

  Pedaling smoothness data channel as measured/recorded by a device. Requires a device that supports ANT+ pedaling metrics.

• smoothnessleft
  Left Side Pedaling Smoothness

  Discussion

  Pedaling smoothness data channel as measured/recorded by a device. Requires a device that supports ANT+ pedaling metrics.

• smoothnessright
  Right Side Pedaling Smoothness

  Discussion

  Pedaling smoothness data channel as measured/recorded by a device. Requires a device that supports ANT+ pedaling metrics.

• speed
  Discussion

  Speed data channel as measured/recorded by a device.

• stancetime
  Discussion

  Stance time data channel as measured/recorded by a device.

• stancetimepercent
  Discussion

  Stance Time Percent data channel as measured/recorded by a device.

• strokecount
  Discussion

  Swimming stroke count data channel as measured/recorded by a device.

• stroketype
  Discussion

  Swimming stroke type data channel as measured/recorded by a device.

• temperature
  Discussion

  Temperature data channel as measured/recorded by a device.

• totalhb
  Discussion

  Total concentration of hemoglobin as measured/recorded by a device.

• verticaloscillation
  Discussion

  Vertical movement data channel as measured/recorded by a device.

• e
  Discussion

  Euler's number: 2.7182818284590452.

• g
  Discussion

  Approxmiation of acceleration due to Earth gravity: 9.80665 m/s².

• na
  Discussion

  No number, not a number, or not available. The function isvalid(na) gives zero (false).

• pi
  Discussion

  The ratio of a circle's circumference to its diameter: 3.1415926535897932.

• firstworkoutdate
  Discussion

  This is the date of the oldest workout for the athlete.

• lastworkoutdate
  Discussion

  This is the date of the newest workout for the athlete.

• today
  Discussion

  This is today's date.

• begindate
  Discussion

  The start date offset of the range selected in the RHE.

• begindistance
  Discussion

  The start distance offset of the range selected in the RHE.

• begintime
  Discussion

  The start time offset of the range selected in the RHE.

• climbing
  Discussion

  Vertical ascending distance travelled in the currently selected RHE range.

• descending
  Discussion

  Vertical descending distance travelled in the currently selected RHE range.

• distance
  Discussion

  Distance travelled in the currently selected RHE range.

• duration
  Discussion

  The sum of the duration of all records while your device is recording data. There are a few circumstances in which a device might not record data: The device has a pause button that temporarily suspends recording. The device has an auto-pause mode that suspends recording based on some circumstance. Interference that temporarily prevents the device from receiving wireless data from sensors. We also refer to duration as "recording duration." It most frequently matches what's reported as "duration" by TrainingPeaks, Garmin Connect, Strava, and others, which is why we named it so. This is also the duration that WKO4 displays in the Left-Hand Explorer (LHE) and Right-Hand Explorer (RHE) when duration is listed there.

• ef
  Efficiency Factor

  Discussion

  This is the efficiency factor calculated by WKO4.

• elapsedduration
  The total duration of the workout. It is equal to the end time minus the start time.

• elevationchange
  Discussion

  This is the total change in elevation calculated by taking the ending elevation minus the starting elevation.

• enddate
  Discussion

  This is the end date of the range selected in the right hand explorer (RHE) at the athlete level.

• enddistance
  Discussion

  This is the ending distance of the range selected in the right hand explorer (RHE) at the workout level.

• endtime
  Discussion

  This is the ending elapsed time of the range selected in the right hand explorer (RHE) at the workout level.

• grade
  Discussion

  This is average grade for the range selected in the right hand explorer (RHE) at the workout level.

• if
  Intensity Factor

  Discussion

  This is the intensity factor calculated for the range selected in the right hand explorer (RHE) at the workout level.

• movingduration
  The sum of duration while moving.

• ngp
  Normalized Graded Pace

  Discussion

  This is the NGP for run workouts calculated for the range selected in the right hand explorer (RHE) at the workout level.

• np
  Normalized Power ; ;Discussion This is the NGP for run workouts calculated for the range selected in the right hand explorer (RHE) at the workout level.

• pahr
  Percentage change of pace to heart rate ratio

  Discussion

  The pahr variable attempts to quantify cardiac drift by showing the percentage change in the ratio of average pace to average heart rate of the first half of a workout or workout range, compared to the second half. Read the TrainingPeaks.com article about aerobic decoupling.

• pedalingduration
  The sum of the duration of all records where cadence is not zero.

• pwhr
  Percentage change of power to heart rate ratio

  Discussion

  The pwhr variable attempts to quantify cardiac drift by showing the percentage change in the ratio of average power to average heart rate of the first half of a workout or workout range, compared to the second half. Read the TrainingPeaks.com article about aerobic decoupling.

• tss
  Training Stress Score

  Discussion

  This is power based training stress calculated for the range selected in the right hand explorer (RHE) at the workout level.

• tssduration
  Training Stress Score Duration

  Discussion

  This is duration used to calculated TSS for the range selected in the right hand explorer (RHE) at the workout level.

• vam
  Vertical Ascent Rate

  Discussion

  This is vertical ascent rate calculated for the range selected in the right hand explorer (RHE) at the workout level.

• vi
  Variability Index

  Discussion

  This is ratio of normalized power to average power calculated for the range selected in the right hand explorer (RHE) at the workout level.

• work
  Discussion

  This is the energy in kJ for the range selected in the right hand explorer (RHE) at the workout level.

• build
  Discussion

  This is the build of WKO4 used to create the current file.

• channels
  Discussion

  This is a list of data channels available in a workout.

• code
  Discussion

  This is the workout code as entered on the Workout Details tab.

• date
  Discussion

  This is the date and time of the start of a workout.

• desc
  Discussion

  This is the description of a workout as entered on the Workout Details tab. It is an abbreviation for description.

• description
  Discussion

  This is the description of a workout as entered on the Workout Details tab.

• devices
  Discussion

  This is a list of devices used to record data in a workout file.

• filepath
  Discussion

  This is the path of a workout file.

• notes
  Discussion

  This is a collection of notes for a workout as entered on the Workout Details tab.

• planneddistance
  Discussion

  The distance that was planned in advance of the workout as entered on the Workout Details tab.

• plannedduration
  Discussion

  The duration that was planned in advance of the workout as entered on the Workout Details tab.

• plannedtss
  Discussion

  The Training Stress Score (TSS) that was planned in advance of the workout as entered on the Workout Details tab.

• plannedwork
  Discussion

  The work that was planned in advance of the workout as entered on the Workout Details tab.

• sport
  Discussion

  The sport variable gives the category of sport type (subsport) assigned to a workout. This is useful when you want to reference all sport types within a broader category without having to reference each subsport within that category.

  • bike All sports riding a bike: Road Bike, Mountain Bike
  • run Weight-bearing sports: Run, Walk
  • swim Swimming sports: Swim
  • row Sports in water craft propelled with a blade or paddle: Row
  • xc ski Skiing: XC Ski
  • other Non-endurance sports: Day Off, Strength, Other

  See Also

  subsport

• subsport
  Discussion

  The subsport variable gives the specific sport type assigned to a workout.

  • Road Bike
  • Mountain Bike
  • Run
  • Walk
  • Swim
  • Row
  • XC Ski
  • Day Off
  • Strength
  • Other

  See Also

  sport

• tags
  Discussion

  These are user-supplied tags to help searching and filtering workouts, as entered on the Workout Details tab.

• title
  Discussion

  This is the title of the workout as entered on the Workout Details tab.